Recuperative efficacy of Amphora coffeaeformis-enriched diet on immunotoxicological, hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, proinflammatory genes disorder, and histopathological changes caused by cypermethrin toxicity in Nile tilapia.
Jul 2026· Developmental and Comparative Immunology· Vol 182, pp.
105686
· 0 citations· 89 references
Medicine
Abstract
This work investigates the potential protective effects of the diatom Amphora coffeaeformis as a feed additive against the deleterious effects (primarily on immune organs) of cypermethrin (CYP) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with respect to hematology, immune/antioxidant parameters, biochemical indices, proinflammatory and apoptotic regulatory genes, and tissue architecture. For subacute exposure, a total of 240 healthy O. niloticus (30 ± 2.5 g) were allocated into four groups in triplicate (20 fish/replicate). The control and AMP groups were fed a basal diet and a 5% A. coffeaeformis supplement, respectively. The CYP and AMP+CYP groups were fed a basal diet and a 5% A. coffeaeformis supplement, respectively, and exposed to sublethal concentrations of CYP for 21 days. A substantial decrease in hematological indices (RBCs, Hb, PCV, and WBCs) and immune/antioxidant parameters (phagocytic and respiratory burst activities, GSH, TAC, SOD, and CAT) was observed with CYP exposure. Additionally, notable increases were observed in serum levels of hepatorenal indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, and uric acid), the lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides), the MDA lipid peroxidation biomarker, and pro-inflammatory IL1β and apoptotic Cas3 gene expression. Furthermore, hepatic and splenic tissues were severely affected by CYP exposure. Feeding CYP-exposed fish an A. coffeaeformis diet significantly improved hematological indices, immune/antioxidant status, hepatorenal function, and lipid profile, and decreased expression of the stress protein HSP70 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, TNFα, and CC1- chemokine) and the apoptotic Cas3 gene compared with CYP-exposed fish. Additionally, tissue architecture improved following A. coffeaeformis supplementation. Overall, A. coffeaeformis diets could be enriched as a feed supplement in the O. niloticus diet to alleviate adverse effects on fish health and immune response during CYP exposure.
Thymol supplementation against polystyrene microplastics exposure in Nile tilapia may be considered a helpful nutritional additive for lessening the negative impacts of PS-MPs.
Badriyah S. Alotaibi, Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed, Tarek Khamis et al.· Research in Veterinary Scien...· 0 citations
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in aquaculture for the treatment of bacterial diseases caused by important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Lactococcus spp. Although OTC remains an important therapeutic agent in fish farming, its use may also induce undesirable physiological effects, including hematological disturbances, immunosuppression, and oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective effects of dietary curcumin against OTC-induced physiological alterations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0, 10, 50, or 100 mg kg−1 curcumin for eight weeks, followed by exposure to 0, 50, and 75 mg L−1 OTC for 48 h. Hematological variables, innate immune responses, and oxidative stress biomarkers were comprehensively evaluated. OTC exposure significantly disrupted physiological homeostasis by reducing red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Furthermore, white blood cell (WBC) count, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), total protein (TP), immunoglobulin M (IgM), bactericidal activity (BA), lysozyme activity (LYZ), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly decreased, indicating marked suppression of both cellular and humoral innate immune responses. Oxidative stress was characterized by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations together with reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased following OTC exposure. Dietary curcumin supplementation generally improved hematological and immune indices and was associated with reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant status. However, the magnitude and statistical pattern of these responses varied among parameters and tissues, and significant CUR × OTC interactions were not observed for all endpoints. Overall, dietary curcumin supplementation progressively attenuated these alterations, although the response pattern varied among parameters. Increasing dietary curcumin supplementation generally led to greater physiological improvement, although the response varied among endpoints. Notably, at 75 mg/L OTC, supplementation with 100 mg/kg curcumin, compared with 0 mg/kg curcumin, increased RBC count by approximately 14.5%, Ht by 47.8%, WBC count by 32.2%, and NBT activity by 38.9%. In the liver, the same treatment reduced MDA by approximately 14.6% and increased SOD activity and GSH levels by 48.7% and 47.2%, respectively (p < 0.001 for all). The highest dietary curcumin level generally produced the greatest physiological improvement. In conclusion, dietary curcumin effectively mitigated OTC-induced hematological, immunological, and oxidative disturbances in rainbow trout, highlighting its considerable potential as a functional feed additive to improve fish health, enhance physiological resilience under antibiotic-associated stress, and support more sustainable aquaculture practices.
Meryem Sedef Doğru, Serpil Mişe Yonar, M. Dorucu et al.· Veterinary Sciences· 0 citations
Deltamethrin is a pervasive aquatic pollutant that adversely affects fish health even at sublethal concentrations. This study evaluated deltamethrin-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using hematological, biochemical, and histopathological biomarkers and assessed the ameliorative potential of Moringa oleifera and Arthrospira platensis as dietary supplements. Fish were randomly assigned to four groups for a total of 28 days: control, deltamethrin-exposed group, deltamethrin + M. oleifera-exposed group, and deltamethrin + A. platensis-exposed group. Deltamethrin exposure significantly (p < 0.05) reduced hemoglobin, erythrocyte indices, total protein, albumin, leukocyte counts, and globulin levels, while increasing liver enzymes, blood glucose, urea, and creatinine, indicating anemia, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and physiological stress. Exposure to deltamethrin showed severe histological anomalies such as necrosis, lamellar fusion, lamellar aneurysm, renal sinus, elongated renal tubules, formation of pyknotic nuclei, and damaged hepatic veins in the soft tissues of exposed fish. Dietary supplementation (M. oleifera and A. platensis) markedly restored hematobiochemical parameters and improved tissues histoarchitecture. These findings highlight the potential of natural nutraceuticals in mitigating pesticide toxicity and supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.
Fatima Akhtari, Waqar Ahmad Noor, H. Akmal et al.· BMC Marine Science· 0 citations
Overall, BPP (20 g/kg) may protect O. niloticus against OXY-induced liver damage through its antioxidant potential, supporting its application as a functional additive in aquaculture.
Afaf N. Abdel Rahman, G. Elshopakey, A. Mansour et al.· Veterinary research communic...· 0 citations
The overuse of the broad-spectrum antibiotic florfenicol (FF) and its residues in coastal benthic environments pose toxicological risks to marine crustaceans. As an economically important benthic species, the mud crab is vulnerable to FF pollution stress, yet its toxicological responses and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of the mud crab hepatopancreas following FF exposure. Healthy mud crabs were assigned to one control group and three FF exposure groups (5, 50, and 500 μg/L) and exposed for 10 days. The results demonstrated that FF accumulated in the hepatopancreas in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly reduced the weight gain rate and hepatosomatic index, and induced marked histopathological alterations. Furthermore, FF stress significantly elevated MDA content, disrupted the homeostasis of antioxidant and detoxification systems (including SOD, CAT, GST, GSH, and T-AOC), and induced oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that FF impaired lipid metabolism mainly by suppressing PPAR signaling and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and degradation. FF exposure was also associated with persistent downregulation of melanogenesis-related pathways, suggesting potential impairment of innate immune-related functions. These alterations likely contributed to growth inhibition in mud crabs under FF stress. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) combined with protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified HSPA8 and phc-2 as candidate hub genes potentially associated with compensatory detoxification and epigenetic growth restriction, respectively. These findings elucidate the molecular regulatory networks underlying FF-induced hepatopancreatic damage, providing useful evidence for the environmental risk assessment and toxicological evaluation of antibiotic residues in mud crab aquaculture.
Min-Ze Liao, Chang-Hong Cheng, Hong-Ling Ma et al.· Environmental Pollution· 0 citations
Fish health and the sustainability of aquaculture are seriously threatened by exposure to agricultural fungicides. Thus, the current study intended to assess how dietary roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extract (ROS) protects Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from tebuconazole (TEB)-induced toxicity. Fish (n = 160; 20.16 ± 0.23 g) were distributed into four groups (40 fish/group; 10 fish/replicate) for 60 days. The control and ROS groups were fed on basal diets containing 0% and 1% ROS, respectively. The TEB and ROS + TEB groups were subjected to TEB (0.52 mg/L) and given diets identical to those of the control and ROS groups. TEB exposure reduced the growth by reducing the final weight, weight gain, feed intake, average daily weight gain, and specific growth rate (p < 0.001), while increasing the feed conversion ratio and mortality (37.50%) (p < 0.001) of Nile tilapia. TEB exposure lowered the activities of digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) and the serum level of growth hormone (p < 0.001), while increasing the leptin level (p < 0.001). TEB toxicity triggered oxidative stress through the elevation of malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001), the reduction of total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001), and the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.001). The intestinal expression of nutrient transporters (solute carrier 15a1a and solute carrier 4a4) was down-regulated (p < 0.001), while the expression of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) and apoptotic (Bcl-2-associated X protein) genes was elevated as a result of TEB exposure (p < 0.001). TEB toxicity induced histological lesions in the intestine of the fish such as necrosis of the mucosal epithelium and oedema with infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.001), along with reduced villus length (p < 0.001) and villus surface area (p < 0.001). ROS dietary intervention improved Nile tilapia growth (p < 0.05) and digestive enzyme activities (p < 0.001). ROS improved the antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) and restored the intestinal histomorphology and gene expression (p < 0.001). Overall, ROS fortification at a level of 1% is recommended for Nile tilapia especially during TEB exposure.
Rowida E. Ibrahim, G. Elshopakey, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour et al.· Journal of animal physiology...· 0 citations
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