Salvia officinalis aqueous extract mitigates abamectin-induced testicular dysfunction in rats by targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial fusion proteins, and key apoptotic regulators.

Black mulberry fruit extract attenuates valproic acid-induced toxicity by enhancing antioxidant defenses in FaO cells.

Findings indicate that black mulberry fruit extract partially mitigates VPA-induced hepatocellular injury, primarily by enhancing glutathione-dependent antioxidant defenses.

Detoxifying Effects of a Phenolic-Rich Thunbergia laurifolia Water Extract Against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Oxidative Stress: Evidence from an Integrated In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Thunbergia laurifolia has long been used in traditional medicine for detoxification; however, the biological basis of its detoxifying effects remains poorly understood. This study investigated the detoxifying effects of a phenolic-rich aqueous extract of T. laurifolia using integrated in vitro and in vivo approaches. Caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were used as marker compounds for extract standardization. The aqueous extract was evaluated for antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and apoptosis-modulating activities in vitro, followed by evaluation in a chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress model in vivo. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and maintained acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, the extract induced predominantly early apoptosis, whereas CA and RA induced predominantly late apoptosis. In chlorpyrifos-exposed rats, the extract restored AChE activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and enhanced endogenous antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that attenuation of oxidative stress may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the detoxifying effects traditionally attributed to T. laurifolia.

Antioxidant Potentials of Mitragyna Inermis Stem-Bark Methanol Extract in Sodium Oxalate-Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

The development of urolithiasis has been closely linked to oxidative stress and the resulting cellular damage within the urinary system. Several medicinal plants exhibit strong antioxidant activities due to their high phenolic content. These properties may help reduce oxidative stress associated urolithiasis. This research aimed to assess antioxidant potentials of Mitragyna inermis stem-bark methanol extract in sodium oxalate induced urolithiasis in rats. In vitro assay was conducted using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing power procedures. Sodium oxalate 70mg/kg, i.p was used to induced oxidative stress in in vivo studies and six groups, each consisting of six animals (n = 6): Group I served as vehicle control, received normal saline (5ml/kg p.o.), Group II served as lithiatic control, received sodium oxalate 70mg/kg, i.p., Group III served as positive control, received standard drug Cystone (500mg/kg, p.o.) + Sodium oxalate 70mg/kg, i.p., and Groups IV, V and VI received Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg, i.p.,+ extract 50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o. respectively. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activities, though Vitamin C consistently showed higher activities, with significant (p<0.05) differences observed only in DPPH scavenging at 500 µg/ml. In vivo, the extract and standard drug (cystone) improved superoxide dismutase levels in treated rats, with some groups reaching values comparable (p>0.05) to normal controls. Although treatments significantly (p<0.05) reduced elevated serum levels of catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and vitamins A, C, and E, none fully restored normal levels. These findings suggest that M. inermis stem-bark has notable antioxidant potential, which may be beneficial in managing oxidative stress associated with urolithiasis.

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract via MAPK/JNK signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

To determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical components in the aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (AqE-TFG) and evaluate its therapeutic potential against high-fat diet-associated dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. A total of 24 healthy adult male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =6): Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (untreated dyslipidemic control), Group 3 and 4 (low and high dose treatments of AqE-TFG 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected for the estimation of lipid profile, oxidative markers, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis was performed using qRT PCR. AqE-TFG showed antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 4.82 μg/mL). HPLC analysis showed the presence of sinapic acid, p -coumaric acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and HB acid. AqE-TFG remarkably inhibited body weight gain and restored the lipid profile. Furthermore, AqE-TFG elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Besides, AqE- TFG significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of dual oxidase-related genes ( Duox, Duoxa-1, Duox2 ) and downstream MAPK/JNK signaling cascade genes ( MAPK8, Traf4, Traf6 ). Adipose tissue histology showed well-organized, intact adipocytes in treatment groups. AqE-TFG has both preventive and therapeutic effects against high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia. AqE-TFG could enhance antioxidant defense and restore histopathological lesions via MAPK/JNK signaling pathway.

Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica, and Allium sativum Extracts against Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

It is indicated that combining papaya, neem, and garlic extracts may provide greater hepatoprotection than administering the individual extracts against DEN-induced liver injury, and supports further mechanistic and preclinical evaluation of this polyherbal formulation before its potential therapeutic application in liver-disease management.

Comparative Pre- and Post- Treatment Effects of Aqueous Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Extract on Cadmium-induced Renal Dysfunction in Wistar Rats: Insights into NF-kB, NrF2 and Caspase-3 pathways