INTEGRATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

Digital technologies have become an important part of contemporary English language teaching (ELT), providing opportunities to expand access to authentic language, support multimodal learning, facilitate interaction, and deliver timely feedback. Learning management systems, mobile applications, online collaboration tools, digital video, and artificial intelligence can help teachers design flexible learning experiences for learners with different needs. However, technology integration also presents challenges, including unequal access, distraction, privacy and security concerns, variable resource quality, teacher preparedness, and the risk of prioritising tools over pedagogy. This article examines the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating digital technologies into ELT through a narrative review of relevant research and international guidance. It proposes a pedagogical framework based on learning objectives, purposeful tool selection, inclusive task design, teacher mediation, and ongoing assessment. The article argues that digital technologies are most effective when they are selected to support clearly defined language-learning outcomes and are embedded in coherent teaching sequences. Rather than treating technology as a replacement for teachers or face-to-face communication, educators should use it critically and selectively to enrich language learning, promote learner autonomy, and support equitable participation.