Bio-fabrication of sustainable MnO2 nanoparticles using Basella alba L. aqueous extract, its physicochemical characterization and in-vitro biological explorations

Abstract

In this study, Basella alba aqueous extract was analyzed for the presence of phytochemical compounds and used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Basella alba mediated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (Ba-MnO2-NPs). The synthesized NPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Powder X-ray Diffraction, particle size analysis. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, antioxidant activity through DPPH assay, and anticancer activity against lung cancer cell line A549 were assessed. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, and terpenoids. Ba-MnO2-NPs effectively inhibited bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 and 40 µg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. They also exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with 67.04% DPPH radical scavenging at 250 µg/mL and an IC₅₀ value of 186.24 µg/mL. Anticancer evaluation against A549 lung cancer cells revealed dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 70.55 µg/mL. The eco-friendly biosynthetic method is safe and biocompatible. Hence, this study suggests that synthesized Ba-MnO2-NPs may be a suitable candidate for the prevention/treatment of lung cancer.