Effects of adenosine triphosphate and reduced glutathione on biochemical, histopathological and immunofluorescence alterations associated with atezolizumab-induced cardiac tissue injury

Abstract

Background In this study, the potential protective effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutathione (GSH) against atezolizumab-induced cardiac injury in rat heart tissue were investigated. Methods A total of 24 male albino Wistar rats were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: healthy group adenosine triphosphate + atezolizumab (ATAZ), GSH + atezolizumab (GHAZ), and atezolizumab alone (ATZ). ATP was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 4 mg/kg, while GSH was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 7 days. Atezolizumab was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental groups at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice weekly. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase catalase, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in heart tissues were measured using biochemical methods. In addition, histopathological and immunofluorescence examinations were performed. Results The results showed that oxidative stress and inflammation markers increased, whereas antioxidant parameters decreased in the atezolizumab-treated group. ATP and GSH administration significantly attenuated these changes and exerted protective effects on cardiac tissue. Conclusion Overall, ATP and GSH ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence changes associated with atezolizumab-induced cardiac injury in this experimental model.