Conceptual Mapping of Digital Transformation of Government Agencies: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Digital transformation in government agencies has become a major public sector reform agenda. However, existing academic studies remain conceptually fragmented across technological, organizational, and institutional perspectives. This study systematically maps the main concepts, interdimensional relationships, and dominant conceptual frameworks used to explain government digital transformation. It conducts a systematic literature review based on Kitchenham's protocol. It analyzes 30 reputable journal articles published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from Scopus, IEEE Xplore, SAGE Journals, Emerald Insight, and Taylor & Francis Online. The selection process was conducted in three stages and complemented by quality assessment to ensure methodological rigor. The findings show that government digital transformation is understood as multidimensional change in public organizations, involving the integration of digital technologies, changes in organizational structures and processes, institutional and governance influences, and orientation toward public value creation. However, relationships among these dimensions are generally treated implicitly and descriptively, without structured conceptual mapping. The literature is dominated by digital government evolution frameworks, co-evolutionary models, and public value frameworks, but these perspectives remain weakly integrated. This study contributes by developing an integrated conceptual mapping that clarifies the structure of knowledge and the interdimensional relationships in government digital transformation, serving as a basis for theoretical development and future research.