Aug 2026· Journal of Experimental Agriculture International· 0 citations
Abstract
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is one of the most destructive viral diseases limiting rice production in Africa. Identifying genotypes that combine resistance with superior agronomic performance is essential for developing improved cultivars. This study evaluated 61 aromatic rice lines and three reference genotypes differing in RYMV resistance under greenhouse conditions using healthy and mechanically inoculated plants. Agronomic and disease-related traits were analysed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC), and the Multi-trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI). RYMV infection significantly affected all measured traits (P < 0.001), reducing grain yield (65.3%), above-ground biomass (23.6%), plant height (13.6%), panicle length (11.2%), panicle number (13.3%), and thousand-grain weight (16.2%), while increasing spikelet sterility by 208.0%. Significant genotype × health interactions revealed contrasting responses among genotypes. PCA explained 59.0% of the total phenotypic variation and showed that yield-related traits were negatively associated with spikelet sterility and disease severity. HCPC grouped the genotypes into four distinct clusters according to their agronomic performance and disease response. MGIDI identified ten superior genotypes (Remar2, Remar4, Remar11, Remar13, Remar28, RemarGT, K20-26, K20-Germ13, Basmati370, and the highly resistant control TOG5681) that combined high yield potential with reduced disease impact. These genotypes constitute valuable genetic resources for breeding high-yielding, RYMV-resistant aromatic rice cultivars.
Maize streak virus (MSV) is a major constraint on maize production in the dry and hot tropics, where susceptible cultivars suffer complete yield loss. The objective of this study was to assess the response of tropical-environment-adapted maize inbred lines for MSV resistance and major agronomic traits to identify parental lines for resistance breeding.
Seventy-four inbred lines, including six controls, were evaluated under artificial MSV inoculation over two seasons using an 8 × 10 alpha lattice design.
A significant variability (P ≤ 0.05) was detected among genotypes for MSV resistance and yield components. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) ranged from 0.00 to 240.6, disease incidence from 0 to 100%, and grain yield from 0.54 to 4.99 t ha⁻¹. Genotype-by-season interactions were significant for disease incidence and yield-related traits, with most traits showing moderate to high heritability. MSV disease parameters were negatively correlated with grain yield and agronomic traits. Elite parental lines MM05, MM17, MM19, and MM25 were identified as valuable donor parents combining MSV resistance with superior grain yield and favourable agronomic performance. Lines MM10, MM11 and MM72 were identified for hybrid breeding due to their combination of high grain yield and MSV tolerance. Finally, MM36 and MM35 were recognised for their outstanding grain yield performance, attributable to their MSV tolerance.
The identified inbred lines provide complementary sources of MSV resistance and represent valuable donor parents for introgression and developing high-yielding MSV-resistant maize hybrids.
Malven Mushayi, Hussein Shimelis, S. A. Tesfamariam et al.· Frontiers in Agronomy· 0 citations
Wheat head blast (WHB), caused by the fungus
Pyricularia oryzae
pathotype Triticum (PoT), is a major disease affecting wheat in the Brazilian Cerrado region. This disease can significantly reduce grain yield because the environmental conditions in the tropical Cerrado biome favor PoT infection of wheat heads. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the 2NS/AS translocation on WHB resistance and its impact on key yield components across multiple environments in the southern region of Minas Gerais state. As a result, eight wheat cultivars were evaluated under field conditions over five consecutive growing seasons (2021–2025). Disease incidence, grain yield (kg.ha
−1
), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW; g) were assessed. Significant differences (
p
≤ 0.05) were observed for all traits, with selective accuracies ranging from 0.79 to 0.99. Cultivars ORS1403 and TBIODuque exhibited the lowest disease incidence. TBIODuque, along with BRS404, ORSFeroz, and TBIOAton were the highest-yielding genotypes, while BRS404 and ORSFeroz showed the highest TKW. Furthermore, GGE biplot analysis confirmed that the patterns aligned with the average trends, with the TBIODuque cultivar standing out for its higher resistance and yield. Cultivars carrying the 2NS/2AS translocation showed lower average disease incidence to WHB. However, this translocation was not associated with increases in grain yield or TKW. This study provides valuable information to assist researchers in selecting wheat cultivars with partial WHB resistance for the tropical regions of the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
Ana Luiza Maria Serpa Andrade, A. Dorigan, F. Pereira et al.· European journal of plant pa...· 0 citations
Fine-grain rice is highly preferred by consumers due to its superior cooking quality and higher market price. Consequently, the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has developed several fine-grain rice genotypes through its breeding programs. This study evaluated the yield performance and stability of nine advanced fine-grain rice lines along with two local cultivars and five released varieties across ten agro-ecological zones during the 2023–24 Boro season. Genotype–environment interaction (GEI) for grain yield (GY) and yield-related traits was analyzed using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model, the Weighted Average of Absolute Scores and Yield (WAASBY) index, and the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI). Combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment, and GEI significantly influenced grain yield and its components. Most traits exhibited moderate to high heritability (0.74–0.97) with selection accuracy above 80%, indicating strong genetic control. Among the tested genotypes, BR17-23-8-2-7B (G6) recorded the highest mean yield, while Bhanga, Faridpur (E3) was identified as the most favorable environment. Stability analyses indicated that G6 ranked highest based on WAASBY (91.45), whereas BRH11-7-17-10B (G7) and BRH9-3-2B (G8) were identified as the most stable genotypes according to MTSI. Overall, G6, G7, and G8 showed superior performance compared with the local and released varieties, suggesting their potential for cultivation and use in breeding programs targeting diverse agro-ecological environments.
Bangladesh Rice J.29(1): 1-17, 2025
M. M. Hasan, M. H. R. Mukul, Shamsunnaher et al.· Bangladesh Rice Journal· 0 citations
Sixty rice genotypes were evaluated during the Kharif season of 2023 at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (NEBCRC), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, using an alpha-lattice design with two replications to quantify phenotypic diversity and examine associations among 15 morphological and yield-related traits. The traits comprised plant height, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf breadth, leaf area, days to 50% flowering, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain length, grain breadth, grain length/breadth ratio and test weight. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was strongly and positively associated with harvest index (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) but negatively associated with biological yield (r = -0.35, P < 0.01). Biological yield was positively associated with days to 50% flowering (r = 0.79, P < 0.01), flag-leaf length (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), leaf area (r = 0.68, P < 0.01), grains per panicle (r = 0.36, P < 0.01), plant height (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) and panicle length (r = 0.27, P < 0.05). Standardised Euclidean-distance-based hierarchical analysis partitioned the genotypes into five clusters containing 19, 8, 14, 10 and 9 entries, respectively. The greatest inter-cluster distance occurred between Clusters II and IV (6.885), while the smallest occurred between Clusters I and II (4.826). Cluster V showed the largest within-cluster distance (4.713), indicating comparatively high heterogeneity. Genotypes belonging to the widely separated Clusters II and IV constitute useful parental pools, provided their trait means and agronomic performance are also complementary. The results demonstrate appreciable morphological differentiation and identify trait relationships relevant to selection for rice improvement.
Namata Kumari, Prashant Isharwal, Indra Deo et al.· Plant cell biotechnology and...· 0 citations
Corn stunt is one of the most important diseases affecting maize (Zea mays L.) production in tropical regions of the Americas. The disease is caused by a complex of pathogens transmitted by the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis), and its predominantly quantitative inheritance complicates the identification of tolerant genotypes under field conditions. In this context, we aimed to perform a comprehensive phenotypic stratification of corn stunt tolerance in a tropical public maize diversity panel and to identify contrasting inbred lines for breeding and genetic studies. A total of 360 inbred lines were evaluated under natural infection using three complementary disease-response traits: survivor plant health score (SPHS), proportion of survivor plants (PSP), and whole-plant health score (WPHS). Multi-trait mixed-model analyses revealed significant genotypic variation, moderate to high broad-sense heritability, and significant genotype × environment interactions for all evaluated traits. A multi-trait index (MSI), calculated from standardized best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs), successfully integrated the three phenotypic components and enabled robust stratification of the diversity panel, identifying 60 highly tolerant and 60 highly susceptible inbred lines. Further, a genomic principal component analysis demonstrated that these phenotypic extremes were distributed across both tropical and subtropical germplasm, indicating that tolerance is not restricted to a single genetic background. The proposed phenotypic framework provides a robust and reproducible strategy for characterizing quantitative disease tolerance, identifying valuable parental germplasm, and establishing well-defined phenotypic extremes for future investigations of the genetic architecture of corn stunt tolerance.
Local rice germplasm is a valuable genetic resource for developing bacterial leaf blight (BLB)-resistant and high-yielding rice cultivars. However, information on the resistance of Southwest Aceh local rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), particularly during the generative stage, remains limited. Previous studies have mainly focused on commercial cultivars or vegetative-stage screening, leaving the resistance potential of local germplasm at the reproductive stage largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of local rice to BLB at the generative stage of plant growth. The research was conducted at Experimental Field, Teuku Umar University. West Aceh (4°08′33″ N; 96°11′54″ E). Fifteen local rice genotypes, together with resistant and susceptible control varieties, were evaluated following artificial inoculation with Xoo strain VIII. Disease resistance was assessed based on incubation period and lesion length, while agronomic performance was evaluated using key yield-related traits. Seven local genotypes Itam Tangke Lango, Jantong, Jempa Puteh, Manyam U, Pade Manggeng-1, Pade Manggeng-2, and Rangan Lango were classified as resistant based on lesion length. Among the evaluated genotypes, Sikleng exhibited superior agronomic performance, producing the highest number of productive tillers (27.50) and grains per panicle (317.73). The novelty of this study lies in evaluating Southwest Aceh local rice germplasm for bacterial leaf blight resistance at the generative stage using Xoo strain VIII while integrating disease resistance with yield-related agronomic traits. The identified resistant genotypes provide valuable donor parents for breeding BLB-resistant, high-yielding rice cultivars and contribute to sustainable rice production and regional food security.
W. Hadianto, Yusrijal, Nana Ariska et al.· Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan...· 0 citations
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