Phytochemical Composition, Biological Potential, and Future Applications of Sargassum Species: A Review

Nematicidal Plants of Iran and Their Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Diversity to Practical Applications – A Review

Plants synthesize a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, many of which demonstrate potent nematicidal activity. This review consolidates current knowledge on nematodesuppressing plants, with a focus on Iranian flora in comparison to global studies. A total of 208 bioactive compounds, comprising monoterpenes, oxides/alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and sulfur-containing molecules, were identified across ten medicinal plants native to Iran. Monoterpenes were consistently the most abundant and functionally significant, whereas sulfur-containing compounds exhibited particularly strong nematicidal effects. The review further analyzes the chemical diversity, prevalence of specific bioactive compounds, and structural groups responsible for nematode inhibition. Mechanistic insights, plant part efficacy, and practical application strategies for sustainable nematode management are discussed.

Phytochemical Diversity, Bioactivity and Bioeconomic Potential of Selected Woody Flora from the Karditsa Region (Central Greece): A Comprehensive Review

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical composition, biological activities, and bioeconomic potential of five selected woody species occurring in the Karditsa region and identifies future research directions for the sustainable exploitation of selected woody flora from the Karditsa region.

Phytochemical Study of Orchidaceae: Composition, Bioactivity and Potential Application in Functional Foods

  The family Orchidaceae is one of the most taxonomically diverse groups of angiosperms, recognized for their ornamental significance and their content of pharmacologically relevant secondary metabolites. This review critically evaluates the phytochemical diversity, bioactivities, and potential of Orchidaceae species as natural sources for the development of functional food products. This review is based on a comprehensive literature survey of 32 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and PubMed through April 2025, which reports the presence of diverse bioactive compounds-mainly phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and anthocyanins in various orchid species and plant tissues. These compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidants, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-aging, photoprotective, and neuropharmacological effects. The concentration and composition of these metabolites depend on species differences, plant organ specificity, and extraction methods. Cumulative evidence underscores the underutilized potential of orchids as phytochemical reservoirs for nutraceutical applications. However, further translational research on bioavailability, safety, and functional stability in complex food systems is essential to enable their practical application in consumer health products. This review advocates intensive multidisciplinary research on Orchidaceae to open up new opportunities in the functional food and health-promoting bioactive industries.

Rosa multiflora Thunb.: Chemical composition, potential pharmaceutical applications, and future research directions

Rosa multiflora Thunb., is a widely distributed plant species of the Rosaceae family and used in traditional medicine in many Asian countries. In recent years, this species has attracted increasing attention in the field of medicinal research due to its high content of bioactive compounds. This article aims to systematically evaluate the morphological characteristics, secondary chemical constituents, and major biological activities of R. multiflora, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that this species contains significant amounts of flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, and carotenoids, which contribute to its potential biological effects. However, most of the studies have only been conducted at the in vitro level, lacking clinical studies and in vivo trials to determine the actual efficacy and safety. Therefore, further in-depth studies are needed to optimally exploit the value of R. multiflora in pharmaceutical applications and the functional food industry.

Glechoma hederacea (L.): Phytochemical Profile, Biological Activities and Emerging Perspectives in Oral Health—A Review

Current interest in the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and management of various diseases has increased significantly due to the need to identify effective, safe, and sustainable natural agents. Glechoma hederacea L., a perennial species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has traditionally been used in European folk medicine for the treatment of respiratory, inflammatory, and digestive disorders. Modern research has highlighted a complex phytochemical profile dominated by phenolic acids, flavonoids, and volatile compounds that have been associated with a variety of biological activities. Experimental studies have reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. The present review summarizes current data regarding the phytochemical composition and biological properties of Glechoma hederacea, with particular emphasis on its potential applications in oral hygiene products and complementary dental therapy.

Moringa Root: Comparative Phytochemical Profile, Bioactive, Medicinal Properties, and Agricultural Applications – A Review