Nematicidal Plants of Iran and Their Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Diversity to Practical Applications – A Review

Abstract

Plants synthesize a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, many of which demonstrate potent nematicidal activity. This review consolidates current knowledge on nematodesuppressing plants, with a focus on Iranian flora in comparison to global studies. A total of 208 bioactive compounds, comprising monoterpenes, oxides/alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and sulfur-containing molecules, were identified across ten medicinal plants native to Iran. Monoterpenes were consistently the most abundant and functionally significant, whereas sulfur-containing compounds exhibited particularly strong nematicidal effects. The review further analyzes the chemical diversity, prevalence of specific bioactive compounds, and structural groups responsible for nematode inhibition. Mechanistic insights, plant part efficacy, and practical application strategies for sustainable nematode management are discussed.