Aug 2026· Plant cell biotechnology and molecular biology· 0 citations
Abstract
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oilseed crop in which improvement of seed yield depends on the availability of genetic variability and the identification of useful yield-associated traits. The present investigation was undertaken to assess genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path relationships for ten quantitative traits in 40 linseed genotypes. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2024–2025 at the College of Agriculture, Latur, Maharashtra, India, in a randomised block design with two replications. The traits evaluated included days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil content, harvest index, and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the assessed traits.The recalculated estimates showed that GCV ranged from 4.61% for days to maturity to 22.15% for number of branches per plant, while PCV ranged from 5.14% for harvest index to 22.53% for number of branches per plant. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 63.06% for days to maturity to 98.24% for harvest index. Genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was highest for number of branches per plant (44.86%), followed by oil content (35.74%), 1000-seed weight (28.49%), number of capsules per plant (26.80%), number of seeds per capsule (26.16%) and seed yield per plant (25.96%). At the genotypic level, seed yield showed positive associations with number of branches per plant (0.7118), number of capsules per plant (0.7044), number of seeds per capsule (0.7265), plant height (0.0073) and 1000-seed weight (0.0141). The reported path analysis indicated positive direct effects of number of seeds per capsule (0.8083) and number of capsules per plant (0.3397) at the genotypic level, while number of branches per plant showed a high positive direct effect at the phenotypic level (1.6152). Thus, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule may be considered important selection criteria for improving seed yield under the present experimental conditions. The study was conducted at one location in one season; therefore, further multi-location and multi-season evaluation is necessary.
The present study evaluated genetic variability, heritability and selection parameters for yield and oil-content traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm. Fifty-one genotypes, including three checks, were assessed during kharif 2024 at Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, using a randomised block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for twelve quantitative traits: days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, test seed weight, oil content, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits studied, indicating exploitable variability. Seed yield per plant ranged from 59.99 to 423.40 g, whereas oil content ranged from 30.40 to 49.21%. RT-397 recorded the highest seed yield per plant, followed by RT-351, RT-396 and RT-372. RT-351 recorded the highest oil content, followed by RMT-623, RMT-592 and RMT-627. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant and number of primary branches per plant. These traits also showed high broad-sense heritability with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, indicating their usefulness as selection criteria under the conditions of the present study. RT-397 and RT-351 may therefore be considered promising genotypes for yield and oil-content improvement, respectively, in sesame breeding programmes.
Keny Solanki, S. Maloo, R. Sharma et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop, and effective improvement of seed yield requires an understanding of the relationships among yield-contributing traits. This study assessed genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path coefficients for seed yield and nine contributing traits in 30 sesame genotypes. The experiment was conducted under irrigated conditions at the College of Agriculture, Latur, during summer 2025–26 using a randomised block design with two replications. Data were recorded for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight, oil content, and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all ten traits. Seed yield per plant showed significant positive correlations with 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, number of capsules per plant, and plant height at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis showed that 1000-seed weight had the largest positive direct effect on seed yield, followed by number of seeds per capsule and number of capsules per plant. Plant height contributed mainly through indirect effects involving these yield components. The findings indicate that 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, and number of capsules per plant may serve as useful selection criteria for improving seed yield in the evaluated germplasm. Validation across seasons and environments is required before these traits are adopted as stable breeding criteria.
V. W. Panchal, S. T. Rathod, P. Wadikar et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
The present investigation was undertaken to assess genetic variability among thirty rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes and to identify reliable indirect selection criteria for grain yield through correlation and path coefficient analysis. Thirty genotypes were evaluated in a randomised block design with three replications during Kharif 2025 at the Field Experimentation Centre, Naini Agricultural Institute, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, for thirteen quantitative traits. Analysis of variance showed highly significant genotypic differences for twelve of the thirteen characters, confirming substantial genetic variability in the material. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was recorded for number of spikelets per panicle (98.4%; 41.1%), biological yield per plant (71.2%; 23.6%) and grain yield per plant (69.9%; 22.8%), indicating predominantly additive gene action and good scope for direct phenotypic selection for these traits. Grain yield showed a strong positive genotypic correlation with test weight (1.09), biological yield (0.871) and harvest index (0.715), and path analysis confirmed biological yield and harvest index as the traits with the largest positive direct effects on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels; test weight, despite its strong correlation with yield, acted mainly through indirect effects channelled via these two traits. The genotype DRRH2 combined the highest grain yield with high biological yield, harvest index and test weight and, together with 72-Dhan-59, 80-NLR-40024 and Vikramarya, is proposed as a promising donor for future hybridisation programmes aimed at raising grain yield in rice.
Anwesha Dey, G. M. Lal, Shashank Mishra· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
Genetic variability and reliable heritability estimates are prerequisites for effective selection in plant breeding. This study assessed heritability and trait correlations for yield and yield-related characters in ten safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. The experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2025–2026 at the Experimental Field, Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Nine yield and yield-related traits were recorded and analyzed. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the genotypes for all studied traits, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variability and considerable potential for genetic improvement through selection. Based on mean performance, genotypes PI-304093 and PI-306956 exhibited superior performance for most of the evaluated traits, suggesting their potential as valuable genetic resources for developing high-yielding safflower cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that most yield-related traits were positively and significantly associated with one another, indicating the possibility of simultaneous improvement through selection. High broad-sense heritability estimates were observed for days to 90% maturity (96.23%), plant height (97.99%), days to 75% flowering (95.09%), biomass per plant (79.97%), seed yield per plant (78.84%), oil content (67.69%), harvest index (62.25%), and capsules per plant (61.93%). These results indicate that direct phenotypic selection can be effective for most traits, and that harvest index may serve as a useful indirect selection criterion for improving seed yield. Genotypes PI-304093 and PI-306956 are recommended as promising parental material for safflower breeding, while multi-location, multi-season trials are suggested to confirm their stability before use in cultivar development.
Benazir Unar, Abdul Ghaffar Shar, Bisma Wassan et al.· Kashmir Journal of Academic...· 0 citations
Genetic variability is the foundation of effective selection and crop improvement in wheat breeding programmes. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023–24 at the Crop Research Centre, Jigyasa University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, to evaluate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield-contributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Thirty wheat genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for fifteen quantitative characters, including phenological traits, plant height, flag leaf area, productive tillers per plant, spike traits, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for plant height, flag leaf area, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain filling period, days to maturity and days to 50% heading, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variability for these traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all characters, suggesting a limited influence of environmental factors on trait expression. High heritability estimates were observed for plant height, flag leaf area, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight per plant and grain yield per plant. Among these, plant height and flag leaf area also exhibited comparatively higher genetic advance as percent of mean, indicating their potential for effective improvement through selection. The findings suggest that these traits may serve as reliable selection criteria for developing high-yielding bread wheat genotypes under the agro-climatic conditions of the study area.
Rhea Hanjabam, S. Rahul, Aadarsh Kumar Tatu et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
The present study was conducted to estimate the correlation and regression among seed yield and its associated traits in sesame genotypes. The experiment was carried out at the Oilseeds Research Institute, Tandojam, during the Kharif season 2024 using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six sesame genotypes, namely Tedo, Tandojam, Tharparker, Black, THB, and S-17 (check). Thirteen agronomic and yield-related traits were evaluated: germination percentage, days to first flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, plant population per hectare, seed index, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, and oil content. Analysis of variance revealed significant to highly significant differences among the genotypes for all yield- and oil content-related traits, indicating substantial genetic variability. This variability provides valuable opportunities for future sesame breeding programs and the development of improved cultivars. Based on mean performance, the genotypes S-17 (check) and Tandojam exhibited superior performance for most evaluated traits, particularly seed yield per plant and oil content, whereas the remaining genotypes require further improvement through breeding and evaluation. Correlation, coefficient of determination (R²), and regression analyses indicated that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with plant height (r = 0.53), number of branches per plant (r = 0.63), number of capsules per plant (r = 0.67), number of seeds per capsule (r = 0.76), and days to first flowering (r = 0.65). Seed yield per plot exhibited a perfect positive and significant correlation with seed yield per hectare (r = 1.00). The number of capsules per plant was also positively and significantly correlated with plant height (r = 0.82) and days to 90% maturity (r = 0.67*). Furthermore, the number of branches per plant showed a positive and significant association with the number of seeds per capsule (r = 0.53). Days to first flowering was positively and significantly correlated with days to 90% maturity (r = 0.88), plant height (r = 0.86), and number of capsules per plant (r = 0.73*). Overall, most yield-related traits exhibited positive and significant correlations, indicating their potential as effective selection criteria for improving seed yield in sesame. Based on the findings of this study, the genotypes S-17 (check) and Tandojam are recommended for cultivation and as promising parental materials for future breeding programs aimed at enhancing seed yield and oil content. However, multi-environment validation is required to confirm the stability and broader adaptability of these genotypes.
Sadam Hussain, A. H. Shar, Ahsan Ahmed Shar et al.· Jammu Kashmir Journal of Agr...· 0 citations
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