Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an economically important cereal crop. Its genetic diversity is a prerequisite for successful breeding for resistance to leaf and stem rust, as well as for other important traits. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of a file of 185 wheat accessions chosen to represent a wide range of resistance levels to leaf and stem rusts. They were evaluated at two locations in three years (2023–2025) for leaf and stem rust resistance by means of visual evaluation and fungus content using real-time PCR. BLUP values were then computed from these multi-environmental data. In addition, data on other traits such as heading time, plant height, and grain quality were collected. In the PCA, grain quality variables represented the first factor, explaining 41% of the total variability. Rust resistance was mainly associated with the second and the third factor. Population analysis revealed primary two (K = 2) and secondary six (K = 6) clusters, computed by using 13,274 DArT markers. The correlation between genotype and phenotype data was high (R = 0.89) when all traits were analyzed, and lower (R = 0.58) when only leaf and stem rust resistance variables were considered. Genetic diversity was also studied through an association analysis between markers and phenotypic traits using GLMs and MLMs. As a result, 300 statistically significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified (p ≤ 3.77 × 10−6). Of these MTAs, 180 were associated with rust resistance variables and 120 with other traits. A BLAST search of rust resistance MTAs identified 128 putative genes; 47 of them can be taken for candidate genes related to fungal resistance. The results show that association analysis can help to explain the genetic diversity of selected wheat accessions, and that leaf and stem rust resistance are complex traits involving many non-specific resistance genes.
Purpose: Around the globe, wheat is a significant cereal crop, used for food, feed, and raw materials. The study’s main objective was to examine the diversity and variability of yield and its attributing traits among sixty (60) locally cultivated wheat genotypes of Bangladesh based on genetic analyses to formulate appropriate breeding strategies for further improvements.Research Method: A total of sixty wheat genotypes were evaluated in the field using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to assess ten yield and yield-related parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using R-studio software to gauge the genetic variance among these sixty wheat genotypes.Findings and Values: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed a high degree of genetic variation. The study indicated that grain production per plant exhibited the highest Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV%), along with significant genetic advance and strong heritability. This suggests that selecting for this trait would be an efficient breeding strategy. Additionally, the number of tillers per plant, grains per spike, grains per plant, and grain yield per plant showed significant positive correlations. Shatabdi, SA-8, and PV-79 genotypes were associated with the highest yields. The work selects promising genotypes with a wide genetic diversity for yield and attributing traits, which can be used for further varietal improvement in Bangladesh.
I. Jahan, S. Muntaha, G. Sagor· Journal of Agricultural Scie...· 0 citations
Two novel WSS resistance loci were identified on chromosomes 2B and 5A. Characterization of WSS resistance loci will improve breeders’ ability to select to reduce yield loss due to WSS. Wheat stem sawfly (WSS) is a native grass feeding pest of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) which is difficult to control since most of its life cycle occurs within the stem of wheat plants. The only well-characterized genetic resistance to WSS is the solid stem locus (Sst1) on chromosome 3B, which exhibits environmental variability. It is critical to identify novel forms of genetic resistance outside of Sst1 to improve the overall resistance of wheat to WSS. In this study, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed on lines in the Colorado State University wheat breeding program grown between 2014 and 2025 field seasons for three traits of interest: heading date (HD), WSS damage in the form of stem cutting (CUT), and stem solidity (SOLID). Significant marker trait associations (MTA) were identified on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 5A, and 5D for CUT and 2A, 3B, 4B, and 6A for SOLID. Significant MTA from these GWAS were used to identify beneficial allelic combinations (AC) for WSS resistance. The stem cutting ACs which had the lowest damage estimates were those in which lines possessed the resistant haplotype at every locus assessed (CUT = 2.35, error = 0.21, N = 56). Lines that had all resistant alleles in the stem solidity ACs showed the same superior estimate (SOLID = 14.7, error = 0.78, N = 22). The positive effects of the identified small-effect MTA on CUT and SOLID indicated the importance of including these loci when breeding for WSS resistance.
Mikayla Hammers, Z. Winn, Brian R. Rice et al.· Theoretical and Applied Gene...· 0 citations
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the agro-morphological and genetic diversity among 31 bread wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) genotypes grown under irrigated conditions. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between
phenotypic traits and molecular marker variation, and to identify promising genotypes for breeding programs. The research
was conducted at the Absheron Experimental Station of the Institute of Genetic Resources (ANAS), Azerbaijan, during the
2017-2019 growing season. Thirty-one bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for six key traits: plant height, spike length,
number of spikelets per spike, SPAD index, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight. Molecular diversity was
assessed using three ISSR primers (UBC835, UBC857, UBC859). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson
correlation, and cluster analysis (UPGMA, Jaccard’s coefficient). Significant variation was found among genotypes for all
measured traits. Genotypes such as v. murinum, geancolutescene, and delfi showed high grain weight and SPAD values. ISSR
markers revealed moderate polymorphism, with UBC835 showing the highest PIC (0.39). Clustering based on phenotypic and
molecular data was partially consistent. Integrated use of agro-morphological and molecular data revealed valuable genetic
diversity. Positive correlation between yield components supports their use in selection. Identified elite genotypes are potential
candidates for marker-assisted breeding in drought-prone regions.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, genetic diversity, ISSR markers, phenotypic traits, yield components, SPAD.
Aliyeva Dursun Lutfi, Hasanova Aynur Oruc· Journal of Global Innovation...· 0 citations
Study of genetic variability and divergence among quantitative traits and their contribution to gain yield is prerequisite for wheat improvement programmes. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the genetic parameters and divergence in thirty genotypes of varieties in wheat Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf. in agro-climatic conditions of Punjab. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among treatment for all the traits. High values of PCV were shown for number of productive tillers per plant (23.57), number of grains per plant (23.03) and grain yield per plant (g) (20.41), whereas moderate values of GCV were shown for number of productive tillers per plant (16.98), grain yield per plant (g) (13.63), number of grains per plant (13.00), biological yield per plant (g) (12.98), number of grains per spike (10.90) and spike length (cm) (10.21). The estimates of heritability recorded high for spike length (cm) (81.80), plant height (cm) (73.00) and peduncle length (cm) (70.50). High estimates of heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for spike length (cm), plant height (cm) and peduncle length (cm). Therefore, a plant breeder should emphasize on these traits while practicing selection of high yielding wheat cultivars. Based on result of diversity, 30 genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Cluster II and cluster VI had largest genotypes (09 each) followed by cluster IV (04). The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distance, indicating wide genetic diversity among genotypes of different groups. The maximum intra- cluster distance was observed for cluster III (D2=13.00) followed by cluster II (D2=8.31). Cluster V and VI (D2=66.56) showed maximum inter-cluster distance indicating that crossing between the varieties of these clusters will create wide spectrum of variability in wheat followed by cluster II and VI (D2=56.97). Cluster VI exhibited highest mean value for biological yield per plant (g) (27.81), 1000- grain weight (g) (44.61), plant height (cm) (104.10), days to maturity (119.33) and number of productive tillers per plant (10.00). Further, cluster III had highest mean values for spike length (cm) (12.36), number of grains per plant (356.44) and grain yield per plant (g) (11.03), and lowest mean for days to maturity (116.73) i.e. early maturity genotypes were also found in this cluster. Thus, it may be suggested that crossing of genotypes from these clusters may be considered as donor parent for hybridization programme for creating desired variability as well as for effective selection criteria.
Jasmine, Rimpy Dhanda· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Barley is an important cereal crop with extensive genetic variation, which is essential for sustainable crop improvement and food security. This investigation evaluated the genetic diversity among twenty barley genotypes through morphological traits using a genotype × trait biplot approach. A field trial was conducted in the Moghan district and fertile tillers (FT), tillers per plant (TP), seeds per plant (SP), single-plant yield (YSP), seed yield performance (SYP), thousand-seed weight (TSW), plant height (PH), straw yield (SY), spike length (SL), and biological yield (BY) were measured. The biplot explained 66% of the variation (43% and 23% by the first and second components, respectively), effectively capturing genotype-trait interaction. Vector analysis revealed positive associations among yield-related traits, with SP correlated YSP, SYP associated with TSW, and SY, PH, SL, and BY forming a correlated group. Tiller-related traits were independent of biomass-related traits, indicating that selection for higher tillers may improve specific yield components without affecting plant size or straw yield. The polygon-view biplot identified vertex genotypes exhibiting trait-specific superiority; G10 excelled in SP, YSP, SYP, and TSW; G12 was superior in FT and TP; and G13 performed best for SY, PH, SL, and BY. Genotypes such as G5, G7, and G16 were located in less favorable sectors, indicating suboptimal performance. The ideal trait view highlighted SYP as the most informativeness trait, followed by YSP, TSW, and SP, suggesting that these traits are most valuable for for multi-trait selection. The biplot approach visualized phenotypic diversity and trait relationships and identified promising barley genotypes for selection.
Unknown authors· Current Applied Science and...· 0 citations
Genetic variability generated through segregation provides an effective opportunity to identify superior recombinants for tomato improvement. The present investigation was conducted using the F₂ population derived from the cross IIHR-2761 × IIHR-2725. The experiment was conducted during Rabi 2025 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. A total of 175 F₂ plants were evaluated for ten quantitative traits associated with growth and yield. Moderate to high variability was observed for most of the traits studied. High PCV was recorded for number of fruits per cluster (22.99%), number of fruits per plant (25.17%) and fruit yield per plant (27.09%), whereas moderate GCV was observed for number of branches per plant (12.69%), number of clusters per plant (12.62%) and fruit yield per plant (19.91%). High broad-sense heritability was observed for plant height (98.39%), days to maturity (93.04%), number of branches per plant (79.49%) and number of clusters per plant (68.45%), while high genetic advance as per cent of the mean was recorded for fruit yield per plant (30.15%), number of branches per plant (23.31%) and number of clusters per plant (21.50%), indicating favourable prospects for selection. Frequency-distribution analysis revealed both positive and negative skewness among the studied traits, suggesting differential gene action governing their inheritance, whereas most traits exhibited platykurtic distributions, indicating polygenic control. Several superior transgressive segregants beyond the mean ±1 SD and mean ±2 SD thresholds were identified for yield and its associated traits, particularly number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant. The identified segregants provide valuable breeding material for developing high-yielding tomato cultivars through selection in advanced generations.
I. Jyoti, S. A. Desai, K. Narendra et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
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