Breeding for disease resistance is an important objective in
Brassica
crop improvement. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of previously published molecular markers associated with downy mildew resistance in
Brassica oleracea
genebank material. Phenotypic resistance data were obtained from previous inoculation experiments with
Hyaloperonospora parasitica
isolates. A subset of 313 individual plants from 115
Brassica
accessions, representing different resistance phenotypes at the cotyledon stage, was selected for molecular analysis. Five SSR markers associated with the resistance loci
Pp
523
,
Ppa
207
, and
Ppa3
were tested: CB10028, CB10139, BoGMS0900, BoGMS0486, and BoGMS0624. The SSR markers amplified 29 alleles across the analysed material. However, marker–phenotype associations were not fully consistent across crop types and accessions. The highest informativeness was observed for CB10028 and BoGMS0900, whereas other markers showed stronger dependence on genetic background. Our results indicate that published resistance-linked markers can provide useful information for
Brassica
germplasm characterization, but they cannot be used as universal predictors of downy mildew resistance without further validation in defined genetic backgrounds and against individual pathogen isolates. The present marker evaluation is limited to cotyledon-stage resistance phenotypes, and further phenotyping would be required to assess marker applicability to true-leaf or adult-plant resistance.
Michaela Jungová, Pavel Svoboda, I. Petrželová et al.· European journal of plant pa...· 0 citations
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an economically important cereal crop. Its genetic diversity is a prerequisite for successful breeding for resistance to leaf and stem rust, as well as for other important traits. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of a file of 185 wheat accessions chosen to represent a wide range of resistance levels to leaf and stem rusts. They were evaluated at two locations in three years (2023–2025) for leaf and stem rust resistance by means of visual evaluation and fungus content using real-time PCR. BLUP values were then computed from these multi-environmental data. In addition, data on other traits such as heading time, plant height, and grain quality were collected. In the PCA, grain quality variables represented the first factor, explaining 41% of the total variability. Rust resistance was mainly associated with the second and the third factor. Population analysis revealed primary two (K = 2) and secondary six (K = 6) clusters, computed by using 13,274 DArT markers. The correlation between genotype and phenotype data was high (R = 0.89) when all traits were analyzed, and lower (R = 0.58) when only leaf and stem rust resistance variables were considered. Genetic diversity was also studied through an association analysis between markers and phenotypic traits using GLMs and MLMs. As a result, 300 statistically significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified (p ≤ 3.77 × 10−6). Of these MTAs, 180 were associated with rust resistance variables and 120 with other traits. A BLAST search of rust resistance MTAs identified 128 putative genes; 47 of them can be taken for candidate genes related to fungal resistance. The results show that association analysis can help to explain the genetic diversity of selected wheat accessions, and that leaf and stem rust resistance are complex traits involving many non-specific resistance genes.
Leona Leišová-Svobodová, Stanislav Ježek, O. Veškrna et al.· Agronomy· 0 citations
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