Abstract The objective of this study was to screen Kazakhstan-developed potato varieties for DNA markers linked to genes conferring extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) and to evaluate their resistance to PVY infection. The object of the study was the biomaterial from 36 potato varieties provided by Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing Limited Liability Partnership and Kostanay Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Limited Liability Partnership. To determine the level of resistance to potato virus Y in the samples, plants were artificially infected with the virus in open ground and under controlled phytotron conditions. The assessment was carried out by visual observation of symptoms on inoculated potato plants, as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 38% of the varieties have shown extreme resistance to potato virus Y, 16% - Medium resistance (MR), 8% - Susceptible (S) and 41 % - High sensitivity (HS). The results obtained can be used in breeding programs to create virus-resistant potato varieties, as well as in fundamental research on the mechanisms of potato resistance to potato virus Y.
Potato viral infections are among the main factors contributing to reduced quality of planting material and decreased tuber productivity. Currently, no reliable chemical control methods are available for plant viral diseases. Therefore, the development of potato cultivars carrying virus resistance genes remains one of the most effective and comprehensive approaches to this problem. In this study, 29 Russian and foreign potato cultivars, as well as 31 Far Eastern potato hybrids were evaluated. Resistance genes were identified using PCR analysis. The following cultivars carrying target resistance genes were used as positive controls for method calibration: Meteor (Rysto, Rx1, Sen1, Gpa2, H1), Vektor (Rx1, Gpa2), Yubilyar (Gpa2), and Zhukovsky ranniy (Gpa2, Rx1). Method calibration enabled determination of optimal magnesium chloride concentrations: 2.0 mM for Gpa2 and 2.5 mM for Rx1. Genotyping of 29 potato cultivars identified several highly resistant accessions, including Yubilyar, Zhukovsky ranniy, Bellarosa, Sante, Smak, Red Scarlett, and Laperla. These cultivars combined resistance to Potato virus X (Rx1) with complex resistance to two nematode species (Gpa2, H1). In the studied population, high frequencies of the Gpa2 (82.8%) gene and the H1 (65.5–69.0%) gene group were observed. Statistical analysis provided strong evidence for tight genetic linkage between the Rx1 and the Gpa2 loci on chromosome 12. The association was highly significant (p < 0.001). Analysis of 31 potato hybrids revealed 14 multi-marker genotypes with high breeding potential. A stable combination of five target resistance markers was consistently detected in their genomes. A dominant hybrid family derived from the Yantar × Smak cross was identified, represented by five related lines. For the first time, a precise heritability coefficient was calculated for the STS marker of the Rx1 gene in a Far Eastern hybrid population. The estimate reached h2 = 0.835 at p = 0.01. This value significantly exceeded the critical threshold for breeding reliability (h2 > 0.7), indicating largely additive genetic control of the trait. These results support targeted selection of parental combinations for breeding programs aimed at improving virus and nematode resistance in potato.
Irina V. Kim, O. Sobko, P. Fisenko et al.· Plants· 0 citations
The aim of this study was to identify genes conferring late blight resistance in 30 promising potato hybrids using DNA markers and found all three genes indicates a high degree of late blight resistance.
N. Doguzova· Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹs...· 0 citations
Phytophthora infestans, Potato Virus Y (PVY), and Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) are major diseases that severely affect potato production and quality worldwide, including Indonesia. These pathogens pose significant threats to crop security, and effective, durable control methods are still limited. This study aimed to establish an efficient transformation system using Gene Assembly in Agrobacterium by Nucleic acid Transfer using Recombinase technologY (GAANTRY)-based gene stacking technology to generate multi-pathogen-resistant potato lines, which may reduce reliance on chemical control and support environmentally sustainable cultivation. Two Granola potato clones, Granola Indonesia (Gra I) and Granola MSU (Gra M), were evaluated for their in vitro growth and regeneration performance. Gra M exhibited vigorous vegetative growth, while Gra I showed the highest regeneration efficiency using mid-stem node explants cultured on GNZ medium. Transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ArPORT1 harboring the multigene vector pMSU2DR-02 resulted in 13% transformation efficiency and 100% regeneration with a 10-minute infection period. PCR confirmed stable integration of five resistance genes (RpiAmr1, RpiAmr3, RpiVnt1, RySto, and Rladg) without vector backbone fragments. These results demonstrate that GAANTRY-based gene stacking is an effective approach for producing potato cultivars with single T-DNA insertions carrying multiple resistance genes, providing broad-spectrum and durable resistance as a sustainable alternative to chemical control for long-term crop protection. The resulting transgenic potato lines have the potential to be utilized to improve disease resistance and productivity among smallholder farmers in Indonesia.
Wiwik Ariska, Isfina Nurfaidatur Rohmah, Miftahudin et al.· Hayati Journal of Bioscience...· 0 citations
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important viral pathogens affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production worldwide, causing significant yield and quality losses. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of PVY in major potato-growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan, and to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for the management of its principal aphid vector, Myzus persicae. During the 2023 growing season, extensive field surveys were conducted in major potato-producing districts of Punjab, where 182 fields were inspected and 1,431 leaf samples were collected and tested for PVY infection using the Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). The survey revealed considerable variation in disease incidence among districts, with the highest PVY incidence recorded in Toba Tek Singh (52.77%), followed by Jhang (28.20%), Sialkot (27.83%), Chiniot (18.72%), Gujranwala (14.37%), Okara (12.72%), and Sahiwal (6.81%). In the subsequent 2024 season, a field experiment was conducted under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate ten insecticidal treatments against M. persicae. Significant differences among treatments were observed in aphid suppression and disease reduction. Afidopyropen 50 DC provided the highest aphid mortality (>85%), followed by Flonicamid 50 WG (>82.5%), Sulfoxaflor 50 WG (>81.0%), and Spirotetramat 150 OD (>80.5%), whereas Thiamethoxam exhibited the lowest efficacy (>62.5%). Highly effective treatments also resulted in reduced Percent Disease Index (PDI) and lower PVY incidence, indicating that rapid disruption of aphid feeding effectively limits non-persistent virus transmission. Analysis of variance confirmed significant treatment effects (P ≤ 0.05) for aphid population, disease incidence, and PDI. The findings demonstrate that integrating selective insecticides with regular vector monitoring and the use of certified virus-free seed can substantially reduce PVY spread and improve sustainable potato production under the agro-climatic conditions of Punjab, Pakistan.
M. Z. Niaz, Azher Mustafa, Saba Saeed et al.· Jammu Kashmir Journal of Agr...· 0 citations
Potato cyst nematode (PCN; Globodera spp.) is an internationally quarantined pest threatening potato production in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou, China. We screened 418 potato accessions using markers 57R (H1), Gro1-4(Gro1-4), and Gpa2-2(Gpa2). Detection frequencies were 40.43% (Gpa2-2), 14.35% (57R), and 3.11% (Gro1-4); 50.48% carried at least one marker, 7.42% carried two markers, and none carried all three. Based on marker genotypes, nine representative accessions (five H1-carrying, two Gpa2-only, two marker-free) were field-tested in a nursery infested with Globodera rostochiensis. All five H1-carrying accessions showed no cyst formation (RF = 0), indicating high resistance. The Gpa2-only accessions had RF values of 0.37 and 0.58, indicating partial resistance, although Gpa2 mainly targets Globodera pallida. Marker-free accessions were susceptible (RF ≥ 0.79). According to international criteria (RF < 0.1 considered highly resistant), five accessions—‘Dianshu 1208’, ‘Dianshu 14023’, ‘Dianshu 1520’, ‘Diancaishu 102’, and ‘Atlantic’—were confirmed to be highly resistant. These results indicate that H1 is associated with effective resistance to G. rostochiensis in the tested accessions and highlight the value of combining marker-assisted selection with field validation for reliable PCN resistance identification.
Xi Yang, Zongming Guo, Yan-Chao Yue et al.· Plants· 0 citations
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a strategically important crop for Russia, providing food security and foreign exchange earnings. One of the factors that reduce crop yields is the damage of plants by various types of pathogens. Barley smut is one of the most dangerous diseases of this crop and is widespread in almost all agricultural regions of Russia, especially in the Volga region, Siberia and Central region. To create new cultivars of barley and bring high-quality seeds to the market, the integration of molecular genetics into classical breeding is a key step. It is necessary to search for and map new genes for resistance to biotic factors and to screen existing genetic collections and breeding material extensively. The paper analyzes scientific publications by Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the use of molecular-genetic methods in the creation of barley cultivars resistant to loose (Ustilago nuda), covered (Ustilago hordei) and false loose (black) (Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.) smut mainly over the past 15 years. The possibilities and experience of using various PCR markers in marker-assisted breeding (MAS breeding) of disease-resistant cultivars are shown. A list of currently known genes, donor varieties, and DNA markers linked to genes and loci of barley resistance to loose, covered, and false loose (black) smut is presented. The prospects that open up with the introduction of molecular methods for modern breeding for barley resistance to head diseases are formulated.
A. Kharina, E. V. Dyagileva· Agricultural science Euro-No...· 0 citations
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