Jul 2026· Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology· Vol 53· 0 citations· 22 references
TL;DR
Increasing age, low BMI, increased bone turnover, increased bone turnover, reduced testosterone, and elevated lipoprotein(a) were identified as factors significantly associated with reduced BMD in postmenopausal women.
Abstract
Background:To analyze the bone mineral density (BMD) status of postmenopausal women, thereby providing a basis for precise clinical nursing interventions, an area that remains underexplored in tailored gerontological nursing practice.Methods:This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. A total of 1375 postmenopausal women aged 45–59 years who underwent BMD examination at Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic data, bone metabolism markers, sex hormones, blood lipids, and other relevant indices were collected. Participants were categorized into three groups based on BMD results: normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or the χ2 test. Independent associated factors were identified using multinomial logistic regression, and subgroup analyses were performed.Results:Subgroup analysis revealed that BMD decreased with increasing age (p < 0.001) and decreasing body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), and that BMD distribution also differed among occupational types (p = 0.001). Compared with the normal BMD group, univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression showed that older age, lower BMI, lower serum calcium, and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were independently associated with osteopenia (p < 0.05 for all). Estradiol levels also showed a statistically significant but clinically negligible association (p = 0.035). Older age, lower BMI, elevated ALP, lower testosterone, and elevated lipoprotein(a) levels were identified as independent predictors for osteoporosis (p < 0.05 for all).Conclusions:Increasing age, low BMI, increased bone turnover, reduced testosterone, and elevated lipoprotein(a) were identified as factors significantly associated with reduced BMD in postmenopausal women.
Objective This study sought to investigate the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A single‐center retrospective cross‐sectional analysis was performed. A total of 249 hospitalized patients with T2DM (147 men and 102 postmenopausal women) were recruited from Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, between June 2024 and June 2025. Baseline clinical characteristics were first compared between patients with normal BMD and those with osteopenia or osteoporosis. All participants were subsequently stratified into a normal uric acid (NUA) group and a hyperuricemia (HUA) group based on SUA concentrations. BMD measurements at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine were compared across the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine independent factors associated with the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Results Of the 249 enrolled participants, 178 (71.5%) were diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Relative to patients with normal BMD, individuals with osteopenia/osteoporosis were older, had a higher proportion of female cases, exhibited elevated osteocalcin (OCN) levels and increased fracture risk, and presented significantly lower body mass index (BMI), estradiol (E2), and SUA levels. In the overall cohort, as well as in male and postmenopausal female subgroups, higher SUA levels were significantly and positively correlated with higher BMD at all three skeletal sites (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that OCN served as an independent risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis, whereas BMI, E2, and SUA served as independent protective factors against these bone disorders (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated SUA levels are correlated with higher BMD and a reduced risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in T2DM patients. BMI, E2, OCN, and SUA act as independent predictors of bone status in this patient population. Routine SUA testing may facilitate the identification of T2DM patients at high risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Shangjian Li, Weihong Lu, Xiumei Luo et al.· Journal of Diabetes Research· 0 citations
Osteoporosis and osteopenia, prevalent metabolic bone disorders, increase fracture risk, particularly in postmenopausal women. Chronic inflammation may contribute to bone loss. The association between inflammatory indices and bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated.
A cross-sectional analysis involving 99 patients over the age of 40 at the Ilam Rheumatology Clinic (2019–2022) evaluated BMD using the Hologic Discovery Wi DXA and assessed blood indices with the Sysmex XN-1000. Statistical analyses, including T-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation, were conducted utilizing SPSS version 16, with significance set at
P
< 0.05.
Among 99 patients (78.8% female, mean age 55.8 ± 9.7 years), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) exhibited significant elevation in cases of osteoporosis (2.710 ± 0.610,
P
= 0.001) and osteopenia (2.230 ± 0.530,
P
= 0.001) than in normal BMD (1.840 ± 0.450). The BMD exhibited a negative correlation with the NLR (
r
= –0.430,
P
= 0.001) and the PLR (
r
= –0.370,
P
= 0.002). Patients with osteoporosis exhibited the lowest bone mineral density in the lumbar spine (
P
< 0.001).
Increased levels of NLR and PLR correlate with diminished BMD, suggesting their potential as cost-effective biomarkers for osteoporosis risk assessment. Monitoring these indices could enhance early diagnosis and prevention strategies in at-risk populations.
Nasrin Bazgir, MohammadHossein Sahami Gilan, Aliashraf Mozafari et al.· Journal of Education and Hea...· 0 citations
Skeletal fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is incompletely represented by areal bone mineral density (BMD). We defined an operational reduced-BMD subgroup using routine hospital information-system data and examined whether routinely available clinical variables showed incremental associations and whether complex classifiers improved internal discrimination beyond age and sex. This single-center retrospective cross-sectional analysis included 329 de-identified analytical records from adults with T2DM who underwent routine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The operational reduced-BMD subgroup was defined by the lowest T-score among the lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck, and total hip: records with at least one site-specific T-score ≤ − 1.0 were classified into the subgroup, and a stricter < -1.0 definition was examined as a boundary sensitivity analysis. Because menopausal status and Z-scores were unavailable, this rule was treated as an operational subgroup definition rather than a universal clinical diagnosis. Descriptive analyses, deliberately parsimonious Jeffreys-prior bias-reduced logistic models, fixed-unit age sensitivity analyses, and repeated nested internal classification were performed. Twenty-six records (7.9%) met the primary operational definition and 22 met the stricter definition; no record met a T-score ≤ − 2.5 threshold at the retained primary sites. Twenty-five of the 26 records in the reduced-BMD subgroup were from women. In the prespecified full-cohort model, age had an odds ratio (OR) of 5.39 per within-sample standard deviation (95% profile-likelihood confidence interval [CI], 2.71–12.15), and the female-sex estimate was large but imprecise (OR, 34.47; 95% CI, 8.29-321.11). On a common five-year scale, the age OR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.65–3.50) in the full cohort and 2.29 (95% CI, 1.60–3.47) among records aged ≥ 50 years. The fixed age-sex classifier had a median internally validated ROC AUC of 0.921 (range, 0.915–0.923), decreasing to 0.901 (range, 0.897–0.904) in the age ≥ 50 subset. Among the tested algorithms and prespecified features, no complex classifier materially exceeded the fixed age-sex benchmark. In this selected single-center record-level dataset, the operational reduced-BMD subgroup was characterized principally by older age and marked female predominance. Restriction to age ≥ 50 years reduced apparent discrimination because of narrower case mix, while the age association remained similar on a fixed five-year scale. The additional tested variables did not provide precisely estimated incremental associations in the prespecified age-sex-plus-one-variable models, and the tested complex classifiers did not materially improve internal discrimination over the age-sex benchmark. All classification estimates were internally validated only, and the findings do not support causal, diagnostic, prognostic, deployment, or treatment claims. The operational reduced-BMD subgroup comprised 26 of 329 analytical records from adults with T2DM. Twenty-five of the 26 reduced-BMD records were from women, and all occurred at age ≥50 years. Jeffreys-prior bias-reduced logistic regression addressed sparse outcomes and near-separation. The age association was similar in the full cohort and the age ≥50 subset when expressed per five years. Within internal validation, the tested complex classifiers did not materially outperform the age-sex benchmark.
Song Lu, Bo Wan, Chun-Sheng Qian et al.· BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Abnormal bone mineral density (BMD), including osteopenia/low bone mass and osteoporosis, imposes a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden on Chinese women. However, prevalence estimates vary markedly because primary studies differ in age composition, study setting, and the BMD outcome category reported. To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of distinct BMD outcomes and the influencing factors associated with abnormal BMD among Chinese women aged 40 years and older. We searched nine international and Chinese databases from inception to July 10, 2025, for cross-sectional or case-control studies involving Chinese women aged 40 years or older. Prevalence was synthesized separately for abnormal BMD, osteopenia/low bone mass, and osteoporosis. Twenty-eight studies comprising 36,984 participants were included. Outcome-specific meta-analyses showed a pooled prevalence of 61 percent for abnormal BMD (95 percent CI: 50 percent-72 percent; n = 17,294), 41 percent for osteopenia/low bone mass (95 percent CI: 37 percent-46 percent; n = 19,032), and 29 percent for osteoporosis (95 percent CI: 23 percent-35 percent; n = 35,082). Heterogeneity remained substantial (I2 = 99.5 percent, 97.1 percent, and 99.1 percent). Postmenopausal status, menopause duration > 5 years, older age, BMI < 18 kg/m2, lack of exercise, low vitamin D intake, and fracture history were associated with higher odds of abnormal BMD, whereas regular exercise, dairy products, bean products, and calcium supplementation were protective. Abnormal BMD represents a substantial bone-health burden among Chinese women aged 40 years and older. Outcome-specific meta-analyses showed pooled prevalence estimates of 61 percent for abnormal BMD, 41 percent for osteopenia/low bone mass, and 29 percent for osteoporosis. Both non-modifiable susceptibility factors and potentially modifiable lifestyle and nutritional factors were associated with abnormal BMD. These findings support risk-based BMD assessment and targeted strategies addressing modifiable factors, including physical activity and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, to promote bone health in middle-aged and older Chinese women.
Ming-Yue Jia, Ting-Zhi Chen, Shu-Wei Zhang et al.· Women & health· 0 citations
Older people with osteopenia, osteoporosis and fracture had lower visceral fat mass, lean mass, lean mass and waist circumference than normal people and LM, WC and VFM had the greatest effect on BMD and fracture in elderly diabetic.
Seyed Amirhossein Hosseini, N. Meftah, Mansor Babaei et al.· Caspian Journal of Internal...· 0 citations
No routinely measured biomarker demonstrated clinical utility for identifying BMD trajectory in this cohort of Saudi dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry patients, suggesting future studies with explicit treatment tracking and repeated bone-turnover measurements are required for confirmation.
L. Jambi, S. Kabrah· Journal of Clinical Medicine· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
