Analysis of Loop Free Alternates for Fault-Tolerant IEEE 802.1 TSN

Simulating and Emulating the Characteristic Packet Delay of Logical 5G TSN Bridges

Scaling 5G-TSN Bridges: Operating Regimes, Scheduling, and Time Synchronisation Under Heterogeneous Industrial Traffic

The nascTime framework on OMNeT++/Simu5G is used to evaluate how many TSN endpoints a single 5G NR cell can bridge before per-flow QoS degrades, showing that sub-3 ms TSN deadlines may require radio-configuration changes such as configured grants or higher numerology.

End-to-end delay performance analysis of the 5G-TSN network using network calculus

An improved strict-priority Deficit Round-Robin (SP-DRR) scheduling strategy is proposed and incorporates it into a unified moment generating function (MGF) analytical framework, referred to as SP-DRR-MGF, for probabilistic E2E delay analysis in 5G–TSN networks.

Timing Analysis of Ethernet 10BASE-T1S

BASE-T1S is a low-cost multidrop Ethernet technology whose shared-medium access is governed by Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA). While attractive for automotive zonal edge networks, PLCA introduces non-trivial bus-access latency whose worst case depends on the interaction of roundrobin arbitration, empty and occupied transmit opportunities, node ordering, burst behavior, and heterogeneous traffic releases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper devoted to a formal worst-case timing analysis of Ethernet 10BASE-T1S at the base PLCA MAC/PHY arbitration layer. Unlike classical algebraic analyses used for protocols such as CAN, FlexRay, or switched Ethernet, we model 10BASE-T1S as a network of timed automata and use Uppaal model checking to compute guaranteed upper bounds on protocol-level packet delays. The method also yields witness traces that explain how pathological worst-case scenarios arise, making it useful for timing debugging and design-space exploration. Our results complement simulation by isolating the contribution of PLCA itself and by exposing valid worst-case schedules that finite simulation runs may miss.

On Hard Realtime Traffic in Converged Time-Sensitive Networks

A Digital Twin-Enabled Management Framework for Low-Latency and Low-Jitter Wireless TSN

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) provides guaranteed traffic delivery, making it essential for industrial automation, multimedia, automotive systems, and other areas. Although TSN is well-established in wired networks, wireless systems face extra challenges such as delays, interference, and unstable links. Extending TSN to wireless (WTSN) thus adds complexity, particularly in managing traffic. This paper proposes a data-driven solution leveraging Digital Twin (DT) modeling to enhance WTSN management. We focus on mitigating the residual service time (RST) problem introduced by non-TSN traffic generators, which increases link latency. Implemented in a real Wi-Fi TSN-based environment, our implementation demonstrates that delay prediction through WTSN-DT reduces application link latency by up to 96% at the 90th percentile in a real Wi-Fi TSN setting, relative to fixed time slot allocation.