2026· International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science· Vol 15, pp. 1302-1320· 0 citations
Abstract
Cooking-related accidents from unattended electric stoves, overheating, and power restoration after load shedding are a growing safety concern in Zimbabwean households. Most stoves lack intelligent safety mechanisms, and existing smart technologies are often expensive, internet-dependent, or unsuitable for unstable electricity supplies.
This project developed and evaluated a low-cost stove for the Zimbabwean context. The system utilises an Arduino-based architecture integrated with LM35 temperature sensors, PIR motion sensors, relay modules, and GSM modules for SMS alerts via local networks. The system continuously monitors for overheating, prolonged usage, and human presence, automatically disconnecting power when hazards are detected. A critical safety feature prevents the stove from automatically restarting after load-shedding power restoration.
Adopting a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the prototype underwent component, integration, and field testing in five Bindura households. Results indicate the system achieved 91.7% hazard detection reliability with an average response time of 7.3 seconds, successfully meeting the project target of under 10 seconds. At a cost of USD $42.30, the system is significantly more affordable than commercial alternatives. User feedback confirmed high satisfaction, particularly regarding the automatic shutdown and load-shedding protection features, despite minor challenges with false alarms and motion detection sensitivity.
The study concludes that a low-cost, embedded safety system is technically feasible and appropriate for Zimbabwean households. This project highlights the necessity of designing technology solutions that prioritize local environmental and economic conditions over imported smart home systems. Future work will focus on improving sensor sensitivity, reducing false alarms, and expanding compatibility with various stove types.
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for intelligent battery management systems capable of ensuring operational safety, reliability, and extended battery life. Battery failures caused by overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, overheating, and gas leakage can significantly degrade battery performance and may lead to hazardous incidents such as thermal runaway and fire. This paper presents a Smart EV Battery Monitoring and Fire Prevention System that continuously monitors critical battery parameters and provides real-time protection against abnormal operating conditions. The proposed system employs an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with voltage, current (ACS712), temperature, and MQ-2 gas sensors to acquire and process battery data. A Battery Management System (BMS) is incorporated to provide overcharge, over-discharge, and short-circuit protection, while a relay module disconnects the battery during critical conditions. The system also utilizes a cooling fan, buzzer, LCD display, and GPS module to enhance user safety through immediate alerts, thermal management, and location tracking. Experimental evaluation under normal operation and multiple fault scenarios—including over-temperature, over-voltage, under-voltage, and over-current conditions—demonstrated reliable fault detection, rapid response, and effective activation of protective mechanisms. The developed prototype successfully enhanced battery safety, minimized the risk of fire hazards, and improved system reliability through continuous real-time monitoring. Owing to its low cost, scalability, and IoT-enabled architecture, the proposed system is well suited for electric vehicles, e-bikes, battery energy storage systems, and other smart energy applications requiring continuous battery health monitoring and fire prevention.
Sahitya Kiran P, Sujatha Kadagala, prasanna laxmi Kinthada et al.· International Journal of Sci...· 0 citations
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leakage poses a significant safety risk in domestic and light-industrial environments, particularly where conventional detectors provide only local alarms without automated intervention or remote monitoring. This study designed and implemented a smart IoT-based LPG leakage detection system integrating an MQ-6 LPG sensor, MQ-2 smoke sensor, flame sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, normally closed gas solenoid valve, ventilation fan relay, buzzer, and locally hosted web dashboard. Circuit design and simulation were undertaken in Proteus 8.2 Professional, while system firmware was developed in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment. The prototype was assembled on a Vero board and housed in a ventilated enclosure. Under controlled tests, gas concentrations above programmed thresholds triggered the buzzer, closed the gas supply valve, activated forced ventilation, and updated the local IoT dashboard. The MQ-6 sensor achieved 97.3% detection agreement, while combined detection agreement across the sensing arrangement reached 98.6%. The average LPG alarm response time was 1.8 s, the dashboard update time averaged 1.9 s, and no false alarms were recorded during 72 h of continuous operation. These findings demonstrate that the prototype can combine local hazard detection, automatic physical intervention, and offline-capable monitoring within a single system. The design is intended for domestic and light-industrial LPG safety applications in resource-constrained settings.
S. D. Yusuf, Okechukwu Gabriel Nnanyelugo, Alhassan Tijani· Asian Journal of Physical an...· 0 citations
Modern energy storage systems depend on Battery Management Systems (BMS) to be safe, effective and long-lasting. In order to improve battery performance and reliability, this paper integrate a Smart BMS with Phase Change Material (PCM) Cooling Technique and Predictive Maintenance. For real-time monitoring and control, the system uses a number of sensors, including temperature, voltage, current and flame sensors, which are connected to an Arduino Uno and an ESP32-based Internet of Things module. Sensor data is analyzed to anticipate any malfunctions, allowing for proactive maintenance and preventing unplanned downtime. By efficiently controlling battery temperature, PCM cooling method reduces thermal runaway and lengthens battery life. Real-time warnings and remote monitoring are made possible by IoT architecture through a web or mobile interface. Improved safety, operational effectiveness and battery lifespan are demonstrated by experimental evaluation, which makes this strategy a viable option for cutting-edge energy storage applications.
P. Geethi, L. Chitra, A. U. Kumar et al.· International Conference on...· 0 citations
This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated power consumption monitoring system tailored for multi-tenant-based billing in residential buildings. Traditional manual metering methods often lead to inaccurate billing, disputes, and reduced incentives for energy conservation. To address these challenges a prototype was built using a transformer-less 5V supply, 50A CT, HLW8032 metering IC, Arduino Nano, IR receiver, and TM1637 7-segment display; firmware (C++, 500Hz sampling) computes RMS/energy, logs to Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) and handles secure resets. Calibration and tests showed current error ? ±0.7%, voltage error ? ±0.4% (power error <1%), 5V regulation within ±0.3% with <100 mVpp ripple, and a 48-hour field trial recorded kWh deviations between ? 0.54% and + 0.48% (? ±0.6%). EEPROM persisted through power interrupts, IR resets decoded ?98% of the time, firmware ran 72hours without issues, and display refresh averaged ~37 ms. The prototype meets the project objectives which is accurate, repeatable tenant-level monitoring and automated billing with low measurement error and robust operation, demonstrating suitability for residential deployment. Recommended next steps are scaling the architecture for larger complexes, adding networked connectivity and secure cloud APIs, improving the user interface (mobile and web dashboard), and incorporating advanced analytics for consumption forecasting and automated energy-saving recommendations
W. Raheem, O. Ipinnimo, C. Folorunso et al.· LAUTECH Journal of Engineeri...· 0 citations
The designed system successfully improved installation safety and reduced the risk of equipment damage and fire and was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-004T sensor, a DHT22 sensor, and an MQ-2 sensor.
I. M. D. P. Putra, Nardi Nardi, Dibyo Susanto et al.· Internet of Things and Artif...· 0 citations
In rural Nepal, frequent power outages and an unstable grid often stand in the way of life saving medical care. This project addresses this challenge by designing and simulating a self-sufficient, 12 kW "smart" solar system specifically for the health post in Rana Gaun, Jajarkot. Equipped with a 60kWh battery bank and high-efficiency power converters, the system is designed to handle a peak demand of 2710 W. At its core is an intelligent management system that automatically prioritizes electricity for critical needs like vaccine refrigeration and delivery room lighting ensuring these essential services never lose power, even when sunlight is low. Using PVsyst for solar profiling and MATLAB/Simulink for performance testing, the system was evaluated under various weather conditions. The results demonstrate that the design provides a steady, reliable energy supply. Additionally, the inclusion of a specialized LCL filter significantly improved power quality, reducing electrical distortion to levels safe for sensitive medical equipment. By bridging the energy gap, this smart solar solution offers a sustainable way to ensure that remote healthcare facilities can provide uninterrupted care to their communities.
Sunny Kumar Sah, Ujwal Chaudhary, B. Bhattarai· Himalayan Journal of Applied...· 0 citations
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