基于生物特征唯一标识与联盟区块链的器官移植全链路可信溯源体系研究 Research on Full-Link Trustworthy Traceability System for Organ Transplantation Based on Unique Biological Identification and Consortium Blockchain
Abstract
作者:郭洋洋Author: Guo YangyangORCID:0009-0006-6669-1790Contact email:gyy-goes@foxmail.comPublication Type: PreprintSubmission Date: October 9, 2026Version: v1.0 Final Bilingual EditionPreprint DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23264638Open Access License: CC BY 4.0 Abstract / 摘要 English:Organ transplantation is a core therapeutic approach for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, existing global organ registration and allocation systems heavily rely on manual entry and centralized database records. Vulnerabilities including record tampering and mismatching between organs and donor identities create opportunities for illegal organs to be legitimized through forged documents and grey-channel profit-seeking. Current supervision only records donation events and cannot strongly bind the physical organ itself to archival information. This paper proposes a trusted traceability paradigm combining unique organ biological ID and medical regulatory consortium blockchain. At organ procurement, a micro tissue biopsy sample is collected. Standardized SNP loci are selected to generate a biological hash identifier for the organ entity. Hash digests, transfer nodes, informed consent documents and third-party verification records are written into the consortium blockchain to realize immutable full-cycle recording covering organ procurement, cold-chain transportation, transplantation and post-transplant follow-up. This system does not aim to completely eradicate underground organ black markets; its core objective is to block the channel for illegal organs to enter formal medical institutions after falsified legitimization. This paper further discusses the adaptability, ethical boundaries and technical constraints of the system across cross-border organ donation, humane relocation-compensated donation and gene-edited porcine xenotransplantation scenarios. The study demonstrates that biological-ID blockchain traceability serves as essential infrastructure for modernized organ transplantation governance, compatible with multiple organ supply forms including human donor organs and genetically modified xenogeneic organs. Nevertheless, this technology only addresses record credibility and organ identity verification. It cannot independently verify coercion in consent, distinguish homicide from accidental death, nor resolve structural inequality caused by organ scarcity. Deployment must be accompanied by forensic examination, ethical review, fund escrow and cross-border collaborative governance to achieve transparent governance in organ transplantation. 中文:人体器官移植是终末期器官衰竭患者的核心救治手段,但现有全球器官登记分配体系高度依赖人工填报与中心化数据库记录,存在档案篡改、器官与供体身份 “张冠李戴” 的漏洞,为非法器官借助伪造档案洗白、灰色利益输送提供空间。现有监管手段仅记录捐献事件,无法将器官实体本身与档案信息进行强绑定。本文提出一套器官生物唯一 ID + 医疗监管联盟链的可信溯源范式:在器官获取阶段采集微量组织样本,选取标准化 SNP 位点生成器官本体的生物哈希标识,将哈希摘要、流转节点、知情文书、第三方核验记录写入联盟区块链,实现器官从获取、转运、移植到术后随访的全流程不可篡改存证。本体系不追求一次性根除地下器官黑市,核心目标是封堵非法器官洗白进入正规医疗机构的通道。本文进一步讨论该系统在跨国器官捐献场景、附带人道安置补偿捐献模式、基因编辑猪异种器官移植场景下的适配能力、伦理边界与技术约束。研究表明,生物 ID 联盟链溯源是器官移植现代化治理的必要基础设施,可适配人源捐献器官、异种基因编辑器官等多类器官供给形式;但该技术仅解决记录可信性与器官本体身份核验问题,无法单独验证捐献同意是否存在胁迫、甄别人为致死案件,亦不能直接解决器官资源稀缺带来的阶层分配不平等。技术方案必须配套独立法医鉴定、伦理审查、资金托管、国际协同监管等制度,方可实现器官移植领域透明化治理。 Keywords / 关键词English: organ transplantation; biological identification; SNP genotyping; consortium blockchain; traceability; xenotransplantation; transplantation ethics中文:器官移植;生物身份识别;SNP 分型;联盟区块链;溯源;异种移植;移植伦理
