This study developed an efficient, variety-specific in vitro regeneration protocol for the commercially important yet recalcitrant banana cultivar Ney poovan (AB). The investigation aimed to optimise a direct organogenesis system using immature male floral hands as explants and to validate the genetic fidelity and field performance of regenerated plants. Immature male flower buds proved to be a highly effective explant source, offering reduced contamination risk compared to conventional shoot-tip cultures commonly employed for large-scale production of disease-free planting material. Among the growth regulator treatments evaluated, BAP (8 mg L-1) combined with Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.4 mg L-1) induced the earliest greening response in cv. Ney poovan, with explants exhibiting greening within 23.40 days. The TDZ (0.6 mg L-1) alone was found to be optimal for meristematic clump formation. Maximum shoot proliferation (10.80 shoots per explant) was achieved on medium supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (5 mg L-1) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1 mg L-1). Root induction was significantly enhanced by the combined application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (1 mg L-1 each), resulting in rapid rooting within 5.20 days. Field evaluation of regenerated plants demonstrated normal vegetative growth, flowering and yield performance. The regenerated plants produced bunch weights comparable to conventionally propagated suckers, recording an average bunch weight of 14.52 kg. Genetic fidelity assessment using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers revealed very low polymorphism (6.64 %), confirming the high genetic stability and true-to-type nature of the regenerants. The protocol developed in this study provides a reliable, scalable and commercially viable approach for mass propagation of banana cv. Ney poovan banana, facilitating the production of genetically uniform, high-quality planting material for sustainable banana cultivation.
Scarlet banana (Musa coccinea Andrews) is a valuable ornamental species, but its commercial production remains constrained by low multiplication rates, non-uniform planting material and limited availability of species-specific propagation protocols. This study developed a comprehensive in vitro regeneration protocol for M. coccinea by sequentially optimising basal medium, cytokinin and auxin concentrations, rooting conditions and acclimatisation substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated protocol for M. coccinea that covers shoot initiation, shoot multiplication, root induction and ex vitro acclimatisation in a single regeneration system. Among the basal media tested, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium produced the highest survival rate (88.88 %), the highest shoot initiation percentage (88.88 %) and the greatest shoot height (4.20 cm). During shoot multiplication, 2.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced the highest number of shoots per explant, while the combination of 2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.3 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (α-NAA) further enhanced shoot proliferation and produced vigorous, compact shoots. Root induction was most effective on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 α-NAA, which produced the greatest root number and root length. During acclimatisation, the substrate composed of alluvial soil, burnt rice husk and sand supported the highest survival rate and strongest vegetative growth. The study demonstrated that optimised nutrient composition, hormonal balance and substrate selection are critical for efficient regeneration. The optimised protocol provides a practical and reproducible system for large-scale production of uniform and high-quality M. coccinea plantlets for ornamental horticulture.
N. Lan, T. V. Binh, V. Hai et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
A successful method for indirect somatic embryogenesis and regeneration from leaf explants of Salvia sclarea is demonstrated and will be highly valuable for the effective use of emerging biotechnological tools.
Shafali Bhasin, Koustubh Diwakar Mashakhetri, Yadunandan Sen et al.· Plant Cell Tissue and Organ...· 0 citations
A reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis
was developed from mature stem and leaf explants of
Gmelina arborea Roxb., an economically important
forestry species. Explants were cultured on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying
concentrations (0.1–5.0 mg L⁻¹) of naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-
D), each combined with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ benzylaminopurine
(BAP). No embryogenic response was observed on
hormone-free medium. Auxin-supplemented media
successfully induced globular somatic embryos within
35–40 days. The highest embryogenic response was
obtained with 4.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D + 1.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP
(50.77% in stem; 46.76% in leaf explants), followed by
4.0 mg L⁻¹ NAA + 1.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP. Stem explants
showed higher embryogenic competence than leaf
explants.
Higher auxin concentrations (>4.0 mg L⁻¹) resulted in
tissue browning and reduced embryo formation.
Maturation of globular embryos was achieved on MS
medium containing 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA and kinetin (0.5–
3.0 mg L⁻¹), facilitating the sequential development of
heart, torpedo and cotyledonary evolutionary stages
within 25 days. The results were statistically significant
(p ≤ 0.05), demonstrating the reproducibility and
reliability of the protocol. This study provides an
efficient somatic embryogenesis system from mature
explants of G. arborea, addressing a key limitation in
woody plant tissue culture and enabling large-scale
clonal propagation and forestry biotechnology
applications.
Unknown authors· Research journal of biotechn...· 0 citations
Syngonium podophyllum Schott. ‘Pink Allusion’ is an economically important ornamental foliage plant valued for its attractive leaves and adaptability to indoor environments. However, conventional vegetative propagation is limited by low multiplication rates and the potential transmission of pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration, rooting, and ex vitro acclimatization of S. podophyllum through three sequential experiments. In the first experiment, nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and gibberellic acid (GA₃) to optimize direct shoot regeneration and vegetative growth. The highest regeneration rate (4.30 shoots per explant) was obtained on MS medium containing 2.0 mg L⁻¹ TDZ and 0.25 mg L⁻¹ NAA, while superior shoot elongation, petiole growth, and leaf expansion were achieved with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ TDZ and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA. In the second experiment, regenerated shoots were rooted on media containing different concentrations and combinations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA. The highest root number (5.75 roots per plantlet) was recorded with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ IBA, whereas the combination of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ IBA and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA produced the longest roots (7.37 cm). Moreover, 1.0 mg L⁻¹ IBA significantly enhanced plantlet growth and biomass accumulation. In the third experiment, rooted plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse conditions using cocopeat–perlite and peat moss–perlite substrates. All plantlets survived acclimatization, achieving 100% survival. Peat moss-based substrates significantly improved root development, leaf growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic pigment content. Overall, the optimized protocol provides a reliable and efficient system for large-scale propagation and future biotechnological applications of S. podophyllum ‘Pink Allusion’.
An efficient in vitro propagation system is essential for the rapid multiplication and conservation of peony germplasm resources. In this study, young stem segments, shoot tips, and scale buds of three Paeonia suffruticosa cultivars, ‘Yu Louzi’, ‘Peng Zhouzi’, and ‘Yin Zhihong’, were used as explants to evaluate the effects of surface sterilisation, explant type, and culture medium composition on shoot induction, shoot proliferation, and root induction.
Explant contamination decreased progressively with increasing sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) sterilisation intensity, with treatment T4 providing the highest sterilisation efficiency. Among the explant types, contamination rates consistently followed the order scale buds > shoot tips > young stem segments, and the lowest contamination rate (5.1%) was recorded for young stem segments of P. suffruticosa ‘Yin Zhihong’. During primary culture, young stem segments exhibited the highest shoot induction capacity, and MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA₃) produced the highest shoot induction rate (89.5%). During shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 6-BA, 0.1 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 0.1 mg L-1 kinetin (KT) provided the highest proliferation efficiency, with a maximum proliferation coefficient of 4.68. Root primordium induction remained difficult under all treatments. Although 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.3 mg L-1 NAA promoted root primordium formation, a stable adventitious root system was not established, and the highest root primordium induction rate was 32.4%.
These findings demonstrate that appropriate explant selection and optimisation of culture media can effectively improve shoot induction and proliferation in peony. However, root induction remains the principal constraint to establishing an efficient in vitro propagation system, highlighting the need for further optimisation of rooting conditions.
Shangguan Li, Pengqi Yue, Yingxue Lei et al.· Journal of Agriculture and E...· 0 citations
A novel embryonic axis-based regeneration system enables rapid shoot recovery, rooting, and biolistic gene delivery in cacao, substantially shortening the timeline for plant transformation.
Suzam L. da S. Pereira, Grazielle da M. Alcântara, Gláucia C. B. Silva et al.· Plant Cell Tissue and Organ...· 0 citations
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