Phytochemical, Taxonomical and Biological Activity Studies on The Endemic Salvia tchihatcheffii Boiss.

Abstract

The Lamiaceae family has many taxonomically and economically important plant species. The species in this family exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to these effects, it is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Salvia tchihatcheffii Boiss, an endemic species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, was collected from Eskişehir. In morphological studies, herbarium specimens were examined under a stereo microscope. Stem, and leaf were examined within the scope of anatomical studies. Molecular studies aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationships of the plant. The antioxidant properties were determined by the DPPH• free radical scavenging and ABTS•+test, and the total phenolic content was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Broth dilution method. Essential oil was obtained from the flowering aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and was analyzed using GC-GC/MS. The morphological and anatomical findings obtained are compared with the characteristics listed in The Flora of Turkey. According to molecular analysis results, S. tchihatcheffii and S. cedronella were determined to be closely related. As a result of essential oil analysis, the main component was identified as camphor with 23.3%. The antimicrobial activities of extracts prepared from the aerial parts with hexane, chloroform, and ethanol were found to be at low levels compared to standard reference drugs. No antibacterial activity was observed at any concentration of the extracts against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The hexane extract exhibited the highest total phenol content and DPPH• radical scavenging activity.