Jul 2026· Journal of Intelligent Decision Making and Information Science· Vol 3, pp. 1281-1293· 0 citations· 16 references
TL;DR
The findings show that next-generation consensus mechanisms and hybrid designs are capable of saving a huge amount of energy without compromising the reasonable performance and trust guarantees.
Abstract
Blockchain technology has become a strong backbone to decentralized applications; however, the fast-growing energy usage of consensus mechanisms has become a cause of serious economic, environmental, and sustainability worries. This paper will be a detailed examination of the energy usage in the leading blockchain consensus algorithms, focusing specifically on the question of why some of them are high-energy usage and how their energy imprints might be decreased. The paper has started by conducting a review of the basic architecture of blockchain systems and classifying the different consensus mechanisms according to their working principle and resource needs. To analyze energy-intensive schemes, the specific attention is paid to Proof of Work, which is analyzed in terms of models of mining operations, hardware dependence, difficulty adjustment, and power consumption. Case studies of large-scaled PoW-based blockchains are presented in real-life scenarios to represent the implications of the energy in practical scenarios and network conditions. Moreover, the research also undertakes the systematic examination of optimization methods that will help to decrease the energy consumption without affecting the security or decentralization. These are innovations at the protocol level, hardware-awareness, mining policies based on renewable energy sources, and the use of layer-2 and off-chain transaction processing systems. Trade-offs between security, scalability, and decentralization and energy efficiency are discussed comparatively. The findings show that next-generation consensus mechanisms and hybrid designs are capable of saving a huge amount of energy without compromising the reasonable performance and trust guarantees.
Rising energy demands, the proliferation of sustainable and renewable energy sources, are calling for a new perspective on conventional energy system management. this paper reports how blockchain technology can, through its decentralized and secure nature, enable transparent, automated and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transactions. We conduct a comparative evaluation of BC applications in three diverse domains: renewable energy, smart grid and Microgrid, and P2P trading platforms. This article discusses different types of blockchains (public, private, consortium), consensus protocols, and their effect on scalability, security, and economic accessibility. The main takeaway is that public blockchains are very transparent but have scalability issues, whereas private and consortium blockchains are more scalable but less decentralized. The system gets more intelligent and smarter with the integration of AI and IOT. Although regulatory and interoperability challenges are being worked out, blockchain could have a significant impact on the industrial energy grid. the article closes with a discussion about how blockchain as part of a wider digital transformation could lead to ultimately more autonomously run and sustainable energy system.
Minatallah El Labbakh, Amina Aghanim, H. Chekenbah et al.· EPJ Web of Conferences· 0 citations
An optimal choice of consensus algorithm and type of blockchain, based on security, energy consumption and computing resources is proposed, which will enable the design of microgrid architectures and components that are compatible with decentralized cybersecurity technologies without affecting their operation.
Benedict Djouboussi, Elie Fute Tagne, G. Sèmassou· Journal of Hardware and Syst...· 0 citations
A comprehensive survey of the main blockchain platforms utilized in the digital healthcare, integrated with a comparative analysis, and the implementation of Innovative permissioned Blockchain for eHealth (IBEH) is presented and discussed in detail.
A. Vizzarri, Franco Mazzenga· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
The digital revolution and the emergence of new technologies are reshaping nearly every domain of life. The monetization of artistic forms is one of the achievements enabled by these tech-nologies. The paper proposes a conceptual model that combines blockchain-based asset tracking with a new way of representing value rooted in the artistic creative process. This approach ex-plores encoding artistic work and its results into a measurable digital value structure, fundamentally different from traditional monetary systems. The paper analyzes blockchain architectures and assesses their feasibility for supporting hybrid systems. Limitations related to oracle dependency, subjectivity of evalu-ation, and system scalability are also considered, along with the legal and ethical challenges, technical complexity, and imple-mentation costs associated with technological literacy. For the authors, this work represents an initial step toward addressing challenges in blockchain systems through optimization tech-niques supported by artificial intelligence, as well as exploring the use of this technology in building a sustainable value system.
S. Cabarkapa, Đorđe Mladenović, Milanko Kragović et al.· PROCEEDINGS 13th Internation...· 0 citations
A new hybrid bioinspired optimization framework for efficient blockchain mining is presented, integrating Genetic Algorithm, Firefly optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization into a unified architecture to take advantage of their complementary strengths.
K. Jajulwar, Priya Dasarwar, Uma Shankar Yadav et al.· Engineering, Technology &...· 0 citations
While blockchain technology has the potential to become one of the enablers of distributed applications and autonomous organizations (DAOs) with its decentralized structure, practical implementations reveal the existence of power and resource concentration at various levels. This concentration raises serious security concerns regarding the core consensus mechanisms, which regulate block creation and the interaction between the nodes of blockchain, potentially preventing the realization of the technology’s full potential. To this end, in this paper, we analyze one of the most commonly deployed consensus protocols, namely Proof of Stake (PoS), from a security perspective. We demonstrate how PoS inadvertently encourages the concentration of power, which may cause some users to leave, thereby endangering blockchain security. Specifically, in PoS, nodes with higher stakes have a greater likelihood of being selected as block proposers, leading to power concentration among a small group of users. This situation increases the risk of collusion and compromise of the consensus mechanism. To address these issues, we propose and analyze an alternative incentive mechanism for PoS by utilizing theories on optimal taxation from behavioral economics. Our proposed model bases the block proposer selection process on a modified and relatively more balanced distribution. It offers preferential treatment to low-stake holders while also integrating a reputation mechanism to mitigate potential Sybil attacks encouraged by equitable rewards. Using a game-theoretic model, we demonstrate the optimal balance of incentives between earning potential and blockchain network sustainability for both high- and low-stake holders. We also conducted extensive performance analyses, including real data from Uniswap, which showed that our proposed mechanism can mitigate inequality and provide an appealing solution for keeping the users in the network to sustain the security of the consensus mechanisms and thus the secure and sustainable operation of blockchain applications.
Abdulhadi Sahin, K. Akkaya, S. Ganapati et al.· Distributed Ledger Technolog...· 0 citations
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