Blockchain for the eHealth Sector —A Survey and Implementation

A Blockchain-Enabled Approach for the Secure Transfer of Healthcare Information Thesis

ABSTRACT The increasing digitization of healthcare has amplified the need for secure, scalable, and interoperable systems capable of managing sensitive patient information. Traditional centralized healthcare data management systems are limited by issues of data silos, vulnerability to tampering, and single points of failure. Although blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution, existing blockchain-based frameworks face challenges of scalability, latency, and adaptability to real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-driven healthcare data. To address these limitations, this study proposes MedChain, a blockchain-enabled framework designed to provide secure, scalable, and patient-centric healthcare data sharing. The research follows a systematic methodology. First, a conceptual framework was developed, integrating blockchain, digest chains, and a session-based data-sharing model to balance security with efficiency. A prototype system was implemented and tested using simulated healthcare datasets, including both static electronic health records (EHRs) and dynamic IoT-generated data streams. The evaluation involved comparative analysis against traditional centralized and blockchain-only systems, focusing on key performance metrics such as throughput, latency, scalability, and tamper detection. The results demonstrate that MedChain significantly outperforms existing models. Throughput improved by 87.5% over blockchain systems and 25% over centralized systems, while latency was reduced by 54.3% compared to blockchain. Tamper detection achieved a near-perfect accuracy of 99%, and scalability tests confirmed MedChain’s ability to sustain performance under large data loads (up to 50,000 records), where blockchain-only systems experienced severe slowdowns. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in supporting secure and efficient healthcare data exchange. This study contributes to both theory and practice by introducing a layered architecture that enhances blockchain’s applicability in healthcare. It demonstrates how digest chains reduce verification overhead, while session-based sharing empowers patients with granular control over their data. Furthermore, the research highlights practical insights for healthcare providers and policymakers seeking to adopt blockchain-enabled solutions. In conclusion, MedChain provides a viable pathway toward secure, scalable, and patient-centered healthcare data management. While the results are promising, the study also identifies areas for future exploration, including energy-efficient consensus mechanisms, compliance with evolving healthcare regulations, and integration with large-scale IoT ecosystems. These directions will further refine the potential of blockchain to revolutionize healthcare data sharing.

A comprehensive survey of secure medical data sharing based on Blockchain

Healthcare blockchain-based Systems: A review

The Evolution of Blockchain Technology and the Security of Social Data: A Research Concept and Analysis

In the current digital era, information security has become a critical issue. Safeguarding personal, financial, and business data — which is frequently exchanged online — poses a significant challenge. Blockchain technology has brought about a revolutionary shift in this landscape, emerging as an effective method for ensuring data security. Blockchain is a form of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in which data is stored in blocks, with each block interconnected via cryptography. Each block contains specific data, a timestamp, and the hash of the preceding block. This structure makes it extremely difficult to alter or tamper with the data. This article evaluates blockchain technology and demonstrates its application in securing transaction-related data, thereby fostering public trust in the information and enabling error-free decision-making.

[Exploration of the Application of Blockchain in Medical Engineering].

DIASPORA OF INTERNET OF THINGS, BLOCKCHAIN AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: The use of IT tools and techniques in the medical field has had a significant impact, opening, a wide range of eHealth service opportunities.  The same types of dangers that affect other internet apps also affect these services.  One of the important concerns for the successful and efficient deployment of these eHealth services is security.  The vast and diverse nature of healthcare data necessitates a high level of availability, confidentiality, and integrity when it is sent to its various stakeholders. The various parties involved in healthcare services, including physicians, patients, nurses, paramedical personnel, and administrative staff, have distinct roles to play, and not all users should have access to all data to protect privacy. Blockchain technology has made significant advancements in securely sharing data in recent years. Its implementation has greatly benefited various services, particularly in the healthcare sector. Blockchain simplifies the management of medical records and data in a secure environment. When a user creates a record, millions of computers validate the blocks, resulting in a unique record with its own history. If a single record is altered, it disrupts the entire chain, affecting millions of instances. Many industries are eager to adopt blockchain technology to enhance their data security in today's environment. While protecting data privacy, integration with technologies such as artificial intelligence helps guarantee smooth data sharing between various parties.  Additionally, blockchain technology enables real-time interorganizational services or workflows for users both inside and outside of national health systems worldwide.  When people are relocating, it is essential to improve and share migrant health data so that analytics can be used to make strategic choices.  Blockchain technology has the potential to become a powerful digital tool for enhancing communication and filling in the gaps in the sharing of medical data. Material and Methods: Major databases such as Medline were explored detailed literature search in resulting in a systematic review pertaining to IoT, blockchain and security. Results: Five original research scientific articles dated between 2020 – 2024 pertaining to mentioned topic were highlighted. Conclusions: Blockchain is a powerful technology that has the potential to significantly transform the healthcare industry. However, to achieve widespread acceptance of this technology, substantial research and study are still needed. The integration of blockchain technology with hybrid deep learning offers numerous benefits, including increased scalability, enhanced security, improved interoperability, and better decision-making in healthcare systems. Nonetheless, for successful implementation, challenges such as computational complexity, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations must be addressed. Healthcare systems can surpass conventional constraints by utilizing blockchain and hybrid deep learning, which will promote medical research and enable safe and effective data management as well as individualized patient care.  Scalability, security, and better patient outcomes are given top priority in the proposed framework, which establishes the groundwork for a future healthcare ecosystem. Detailed information regarding the IoT, blockchain and security is discussed in this systematic review.