Digital Twins in AEC: Gemini Principles, ISO 19650 Information Management, Lifecycle Decisions, Cybersecurity, Interoperability, and Circular Economy

Abstract

This chapter examines the rapidly evolving role of Digital Twins in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry, emphasizing their integration with Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence, ISO 19650 information management, and Industry 5.0 principles. Digital Twins, continuously updated through Building Information Management, IoT sensing, and AI analytics enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and lifecycle optimization. The chapter highlights foundational frameworks such as the Gemini Principles, ISO 23247, and human-in-the-loop approaches that ensure transparency, trust, and explainability in Digital Twin-driven decisions. Critical challenges—including cybersecurity vulnerabilities, semantic interoperability, and ethical governance—are addressed through zero-trust architectures, ontology-based data models, explainable Artificial Intelligence, and blockchain-enabled auditability. The chapter further explores how Digital Twins support sustainability and the circular economy via material passports, carbon tracking, and resource-efficient lifecycle strategies. Case studies demonstrate measurable benefits in safety, energy performance, and predictive analytics, positioning Digital Twins as central to human-centric, resilient, and sustainable Construction 6.0 ecosystems.