Sim-to-Real Aware End-to-End Learning Environment for Micromobility

Abstract

While end-to-end autonomous driving systems show promise, their application to micromobility vehicles is hindered by simulators failing to capture specific kinematics, such as differential drives and omni-wheels. This paper pro- poses a sim-to-real-aware, vehicle-specific end-to-end learning environment for the WHILL Model CR on AWSIM and ROS 2. To minimize the sim-to-real gap, physical parameters are optimized via Bayesian optimization using real-world data, reducing trajectory errors across various driving scenarios. Additionally, this study introduces a synchronized architecture tailored for the stable training of world model-based agents. An end-to-end policy trained with DreamerV3 exhibited learning progress and achieved task completion in a simulated obstacle avoidance setting. Furthermore, this policy demonstrated direct sim-to-real transfer to the physical vehicle, enabling the vehicle to navigate around a cardboard box in a real-world corridor replica without fine-tuning. This paper provides a practical foundation for sim-to-real micromobility policy studies.