Integrative Insights into Physiology, Nutrient Dynamics, and Multi-Omics Reveal Climate Stress Adaptation and Genomic Gaps in Rhododendron.

Systems-Level Integration of Stress Signaling, Multi-Omics, and Predictive Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Brassica Crops

By connecting stress biology with translational breeding, this review provides a framework for developing climate-resilient Brassica cultivars by synthesizing recent progress in abiotic stress tolerance from physiological, genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics perspectives.

Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanism Underlying the Response of Alfalfa to Combined Salt and Heat Stress.

Combined stress more strongly inhibited plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate than single stresses, and insights into alfalfa adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses are provided.

Mechanistic and omics based integrative approaches reveal genetic and molecular basis of drought resilience in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Integrated multi-omics and functional characterization reveal that COL6-mediated flavonoid metabolism contributes to drought tolerance in Juniperus sabina.

Drought stress significantly constrains plant productivity in arid and semi-arid habitats. Understanding the molecular pathways of drought tolerance is essential for germplasm enhancement and ecological restoration. This study investigated the drought adaptation mechanisms of Juniperus sabina L., an ecologically vital evergreen shrub, using integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Under extreme drought stress, the drought-tolerant provenance (DBD) demonstrated superior photosynthetic stability and robust antioxidant capacity compared to the drought-sensitive provenance (WDH). WDH exhibited significant photosystem impairment and membrane degradation, indicated by elevated relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde levels. Integrated analysis identified phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis as critical pathways for adaptation. Notably, the DBD provenance utilized a specific metabolic reprogramming strategy, potentially mediated by the transcription factor CONSTANS-LIKE 6 (COL6). This regulatory mechanism involved down-regulating upstream biosynthetic genes (e.g., 4CL, CHS) while activating downstream modification genes (e.g., UGT, COMT-2). This shift redirected metabolic flux toward the accumulation of specific antioxidant flavonoids, such as syringetin, while maintaining cellular structural integrity. Our findings reveal a COL6-mediated regulatory network that coordinates metabolic flux redistribution and stress adaptation in J. sabina. Furthermore, transient overexpression of JsCOL6 in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed its nuclear localization and demonstrated that it significantly enhanced drought tolerance. JsCOL6-overexpressing plants exhibited robust antioxidant capacity under PEG-induced drought stress, which was molecularly coupled with the transcriptional up-regulation of the downstream peroxidase gene (NbPER-1) and elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results highlight promising molecular targets for breeding drought-resistant conifers and optimizing secondary metabolite production in marginal environments.

Omics Approaches to Unveil Biotic Stress Responses in Olive: Current Knowledge and Future.

Olive (Olea europaea) is a perennial crop of major economic, cultural, and ecological importance in the Mediterranean basin and worldwide, yet its productivity and sustainability are increasingly constrained by diverse pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The primary objective of this review is to critically evaluate how recent omics advances have improved our understanding of olive immune regulation under biotic stress, and to clarify why an integrative systems-level multi-omics perspective is essential for developing durable disease management strategies. By synthesizing genomic, transcriptomic, and emerging proteomic, microbiomics and metabolomic studies, we show that olive defense relies on tightly coordinated transcriptional reprogramming, hormone crosstalk, metabolic remodelling, and structural barriers, within a multilayered immune framework, supported by expanding genomic resources and resistance-associated loci in cultivated and wild germplasm. However, the review also identifies major limitations that currently hinder progress, including a predominant transcript-centric focus, limited proteomic, microbiomics and metabolomic depth, insufficient attention to post-translational and epigenomic regulation, underdeveloped pan-genomic frameworks, and scarce functional validation using genome-editing approaches. We conclude that integrating multi-layered omics with functional genomics and pan-genomics is crucial for translating molecular insights into resilient cultivars and sustainable disease management, and we outline key priority directions for future research and breeding applications.

Physiological, Morphological, and Transcriptomic Basis of Biostimulant-Induced Abiotic Stress Resilience in Horticultural Crops: A Review

Overall, biostimulants show strong potential to improve abiotic stress resilience in horticultural crops, but broader adoption is constrained by variable efficacy, limited mechanistic validation, and inconsistent regulatory frameworks.