This review integrates QTL mapping, GWAS, transcriptomic evidence, and functional studies to prioritize candidate genes and pathway-level modules associated with climate-resilience and distinguishes positional candidates from expression-supported and experimentally validated genes and discusses how these targets can be used in MAS, genomic selection, allele pyramiding, and genome editing.
Abstract
Climate-related stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature extremes (cold and heat), and waterlogging, substantially constrain Brassica napus productivity, particularly when they occur during reproductive development or as compound stresses. Because B. napus is an allotetraploid species, stress-resilience traits are shaped by polygenic inheritance, gene redundancy, and subgenome-specific regulation. This review integrates QTL mapping, GWAS, transcriptomic evidence, and functional studies to prioritize candidate genes and pathway-level modules associated with climate-resilience. Drought and salinity candidates converge on ABA signaling, osmotic adjustment, proline biosynthesis, aquaporin-mediated water transport, and ion-homeostasis pathways, including SOS and NHX-related components. Temperature resilience is associated with CBF/DREB-mediated cold acclimation and HSF-HSP-DREB2A-linked proteostasis under heat stress. Waterlogging tolerance is linked to hypoxia and ethylene signaling, redox protection, and CIPK15/SnRK1-related energy regulation. We distinguish positional candidates from expression-supported and experimentally validated genes and discuss how these targets can be used in MAS, genomic selection, allele pyramiding, and genome editing. Current evidence supports pathway-level convergence, but causal validation of individual B. napus gene copies and evaluation of yield trade-offs remain major priorities.
By connecting stress biology with translational breeding, this review provides a framework for developing climate-resilient Brassica cultivars by synthesizing recent progress in abiotic stress tolerance from physiological, genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics perspectives.
S. Peng, Ming-Liang Jiang, Xiao-Nan Li· Horticulturae· 0 citations
Salinity and drought stresses induced by climate change pose critical threats to global food security, necessitating a comprehensive insight of plant adaptive mechanisms at the genomic level. This review brings together recent advances in identifying genes, regulatory networks, and evolutionary strategies underlying plant responses to osmotic stress. We discuss key transcription factor families (DREB, NAC, MYB, and WRKY), ion transporters (SOS pathway, NHX, and HKT), genes involved in osmolyte biosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems. Recent genomic studies have revealed extensive expansions of gene families, neofunctionalization events, and convergent evolution across plant lineages. Multiomics integration has illuminated complex regulatory networks involving microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and epigenetic modifications that fine-tune stress responses. We examine natural variation in stress tolerance, highlighting genomic signatures of selection in halophytes and xerophytes that provide insights for crop improvement. Pangenomic analyses revealed that significant structural variations and presence-absence variations contributed to stress adaptation. Finally, we discuss evolutionary trade-offs, the impact of domestication on stress resistance, and future directions for leveraging genomic knowledge through precision breeding, gene editing, and systems biology approaches to develop climate-resilient crops.
Md. Arif Sakil, S. Shorna, Maisha Rahman et al.· OBM Genetics· 0 citations
A hormone- and anthocyanin-centered framework is proposed for understanding the apparent negative association between salt/drought tolerance and thermotolerance in B. rapa and suggests that hormone-directed anthocyanin metabolism may contribute to the negative association between osmotic tolerance and thermotolerance.
Mei Zheng, Pei-Rong Li, Xiao-Yun Xin et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
Drought and salinity are major abiotic stresses that restrict crop productivity by disrupting water relations, ion balance, cellular metabolism, and gene regulation. This study investigated the molecular and genetic responses associated with these stresses using the publicly available rice transcriptomic dataset GSE21651 from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. The analysis included 16 samples representing control, drought, and salinity conditions and 57,381 probe sets. Genome-wide differential-expression analysis revealed that 23,506 probe sets (40.96%) were significant at adjusted P < 0.05, indicating extensive transcriptional reprogramming under stress. Exploratory expression profiling and UMAP analysis further demonstrated distinct global expression patterns among control, drought, and salinity groups. Functional interpretation of significant genes identified major stress-responsive components involved in water transport, osmotic protection, ABA-mediated signalling, antioxidant defence, metabolic adjustment, and transcriptional regulation. Important candidate genes included aquaporins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, dehydrins, antioxidant enzymes, and WRKY, NAC, MYB, and bZIP transcription factors. The findings demonstrate that drought and salinity tolerance in rice is governed by coordinated molecular networks involving both shared and stress-specific responses. These results highlight the value of transcriptomic analysis for identifying candidate genes that can support marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and genome-editing strategies aimed at developing climate-resilient crops.
Biju Sidharthan, P. V. Pulate, Misha Yadav et al.· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Combined stress more strongly inhibited plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate than single stresses, and insights into alfalfa adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses are provided.
Lihe Su, Yong-Cheng Chen, Xudong Zhang et al.· Journal of Agricultural and...· 0 citations
Abiotic factors, such as drought, salt, severe temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity, persistently threaten global agricultural production, contributing to an estimated 40–70% of yield losses in primary food crops globally. Drought diminishes yields by as much as 50% in rice, 42% in soybean, 40% in maize, 21% in wheat, and 27–40% in chickpea, while soil salinity, impacting almost 20% of irrigated agricultural area, induces similar productivity declines. In a similar vein, temperature extremes and heavy metal toxicity worsen oxidative stress, hinder nutrient uptake, and upset cellular homeostasis, all of which impede plant growth and development. Genomics and proteomics profiling have enabled the systematic identification and functional characterization of stress-responsive genes (e.g., OsPYL9, AtWRKY8) and regulatory proteins, including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutathione transferase, which mediate stress perception and downstream adaptive signaling cascades. CRISPR-based genome editing provides a precise and promising approach for developing climate-resilient crops by targeting key gene (cytokinins oxidase gene (OsCKX2)) involved in abiotic stress tolerance, offering potential for sustainable crop improvement under changing environmental conditions.This study assesses the state of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for stress tolerance, highlights the molecular and regulatory underpinnings of abiotic variables in agricultural plants. Additionally, it is expected that advancements in genome editing technologies (such as CRISPR-Cas9) and high-resolution proteomic methods would provide new options for precision agricultural trait alteration, enhancing breeding programs and aiding global efforts to assure food security. Plant survival is impacted by cellular alterations brought on by abiotic stress. Proteomics and genomics are dynamic fields of study that examine genes and proteins involved in stress tolerance. Identification of genes involved in combating abiotic stress and the understanding of their functions aid scientists in developing varieties that are resistant to various types of stress.
R. Omer, Sanchi Singh, Jyoti Mathur· Discover Plants· 0 citations
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