A Fault Diagnosis and Localization Method for Distribution Networks Based on APC-SVM and PC-AZOA

Abstract

To address the issues of insufficient feature extraction and low localization accuracy in distribution network fault diagnosis, this study proposes a fault classification and localization method based on APC-SVM and PC-AZOA. The model performs a simultaneous decomposition of three-phase signals using multivariate variational modal decomposition and employs the energy entropy of each model component as the feature vector; During the classification stage, the method integrates electrical and physical constraints, introducing three-phase energy imbalance and variance into the support vector machine ’ s parameter optimization process for the first time to dynamically adjust the penalty factor and kernel parameters; finally, a traveling wave propagation time error model is constructed, and an adaptive zebra optimization algorithm constrained by physical information is proposed. By innovatively embedding prior physical knowledge into the search space constraints, the method effectively suppresses invalid searches and improves convergence efficiency. Experimental results show that the model achieves a classification accuracy of up to 98.4% with a positioning error below 1%, demonstrating both high precision and high efficiency.