Aug 2026· Aposta: Revista de Ciencias Sociales· Vol 24, pp. e1691· 0 citations· 7 references
TL;DR
The findings provide insights into the mechanisms employed by large language models in processing ambiguous language and demonstrate similarities and differences in their contextual interpretation of structurally ambiguous constructions.
Abstract
Ambiguity is widely recognized as one of the fundamental challenges in natural language processing. It significantly affects both human language comprehension and computational language interpretation. Among its various forms, structural and textual ambiguity present particular difficulties for linguistic analysis and artificial intelligence systems. This study investigates the linguistic characteristics of structural and textual ambiguity in English and examines how contemporary language models process and interpret ambiguous linguistic structures.The research is based on a corpus of selected a three authentic English sentences containing structural and textual ambiguity. An experimental study was conducted with 45 students at Azerbaijan University of Languages. In the first phase, structurally ambiguous sentences were analyzed using the PRAAT computer program to examine their linguistic and prosodic features. In the second phase, students were instructed to generate texts in ChatGPT using the selected structurally ambiguous sentences as prompts. The resulting texts were subsequently analyzed and compared with outputs generated by ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude to investigate how these artificial intelligence systems interpret, contextualize and resolve structural ambiguity at the textual level.The findings provide insights into the mechanisms employed by large language models in processing ambiguous language and demonstrate similarities and differences in their contextual interpretation of structurally ambiguous constructions. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of structural and textual ambiguity highlighting their communicative functions in linguistics, natural language processing and artificial intelligence.The relevance of the study lies in its interdisciplinary approach, integrating theoretical linguistics, experimental research, and AI-based language analysis. The results contribute to the growing body of research on ambiguity resolution and offer practical implications for the development of more accurate and context-sensitive natural language processing systems.
This study highlights the importance of integrating in-depth linguistic analysis, contextual semantic modelling, and cultural awareness into natural language processing-based translation systems by combining traditional linguistic insights with computational methods.
Hilal Abdul-Raziq Sadiq, Zaxid Maxmudovich Islamov, R. Matibaeva et al.· Digital Technologies Researc...· 0 citations
- This work presented a contrastive syntactic analysis of English and Khana clause structures in order to identify their ground similarities and differences that define the syntactic organization of the two languages. English is the most spoken world language with much attention given to it by linguists. Khana as one of the indigenous languages of Nigeria has not been particularly described at the syntactic level. As its major theoretical framework, Robert Lado’s Contrastive Analysis Theory was used while behavioral theory informed the use made of Chomsky’s Minimalist Program. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using forty clause structures which consists of simple, copound, complex and complexcampaound sentences selected purposively from both languages and then rendered in the corresponding Khana translation. The study revealed that both English and Khana language have common features as to basic syntactic pattern such as Subject Verb-Object (SVO) sentence and clause structures. There are however, several congurational differences between them in the areas of subject verb agreement, tense/aspect markers, clause linkers, the strategies of relativization and realization of subordinate constructions leading to some of the English syntactic challenges encountered by Nigerian Anglophones and indeed all speakers of Khana as a second language. It was observed therefore that English share common structural universalities with other languages and marked differences under certain structures that make the two languages unique. Based on the findings, the paper recommends, the use of contrastive linguistics in the teaching of English language, curriculum design, translation and further describe and classifying of other indigenous Nigerian languages.
Muele-Gabriel Ewonu, Florence Nne Agwu· Iconic research and engineer...· 0 citations
This study investigates how computational linguistics terminology performs communicative and pragmatic functions in English and Uzbek scientific discourse. It adopts an exploratory qualitative comparative design and analyzes 21 English-Uzbek term entries representing core concepts in natural language processing, machine translation, corpus linguistics, and contemporary language-model research. The terms are classified according to their principal transfer strategy—international borrowing, calque or hybrid formation, and descriptive or competing translation—and are then interpreted in relation to precision, economy, audience accessibility, conceptual transparency, and compatibility with international research. The analysis shows that the contrast between the two languages is not adequately described as a simple opposition between concise English terms and explanatory Uzbek terms. Instead, Uzbek terminology operates through a layered system in which internationalisms such as token, parser, and transformer coexist with transparent formations such as tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash and so‘z turkumlarini belgilash. First-mention glossing, parallel use of English forms, and hybrid constructions function as pragmatic resources for managing differences in specialist knowledge. The paper argues that future standardization should be evidence-based, concept-oriented, and sensitive to actual disciplinary usage. It also proposes practical principles for building a stable Uzbek terminology resource for computational linguistics.
This article examines the linguistic description of compound sentences in modern English linguistics from syntactic, functional, and communicative perspectives. The study analyzes theoretical approaches proposed by prominent linguists such as N. Chomsky, G. Leech, J. Svartvik, R. Quirk, M.A.K. Halliday, R. Huddleston, and G.K. Pullum regarding the structure and formation of compound sentences. Special attention is given to coordination as a syntactic mechanism connecting independent clauses and to the derivational processes underlying the formation of compound constructions. The article explores the semantic, pragmatic, and communicative functions of compound sentences, emphasizing their role in expressing complex thoughts and maintaining coherence in discourse. Comparative observations between English and Uzbek compound sentence structures are also presented, highlighting similarities and differences in coordination, punctuation, and stylistic realization. The findings demonstrate that compound sentences represent an essential component of syntactic organization, allowing speakers to convey interconnected ideas effectively while preserving the independence of individual clauses. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations of compound sentence formation and their significance in contemporary linguistic research.
In the perspective of systemic functional linguistics (SFL), interpersonal meaning is realized through the mood system, which reflects how language is used to exchange information, goods, and services. This study aims to examine the interpersonal realization of lexicogrammatical features in the reading texts of an English for Computer textbook used by university students in Indonesia. The study employed qualitative content analysis, with data drawn from 10 reading texts in an English for Computer textbook (ECT). The data consisted of 628 clauses, which were analyzed based on the mood system, particularly the distribution of declarative, interrogative, and imperative clauses and their interpersonal functions. The findings reveal that the reading texts are predominantly characterized by declarative clauses, indicating that the texts primarily serve an information-giving function. Interrogative and imperative clauses occur less frequently, suggesting limited use of language for demanding information or directing readers to perform particular actions. The predominance of declarative mood reflects the pedagogical orientation of the textbook towards presenting factual and technical information to learners of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). These findings demonstrate how mood choices contribute to the construction of interpersonal meaning in English for Computer reading texts and highlight the importance of mood realization in shaping the communicative and pedagogical functions of ESP materials.
The article examines the functional role of English verb tenses in the process of text
construction. The main aim of the study is to show that verb tenses function not only as a grammatical
category but also as an important resource in text organisation, ensuring logical sequencing and
expressing communicative intent. The study analyses the role of verb tenses in the formation of textual
cohesion and coherence based on Systemic Functional Linguistics and discourse analysis
approaches. In particular, it demonstrates how tense selection in different types of texts—especially
narrative and academic styles—influences the presentation of information and its interpretation by
the reader. The analysis is based on a corpus-based qualitative approach and investigates the impact
of tense selection on discourse organisation at both micro (sentence and inter-sentential) and macro
(textual and genre) levels. The results show that verb tenses do not only express temporal relations
but also function as key discourse resources that ensure textual structural integrity, regulate
information flow, and define genre distinctions. At the same time, inappropriate selection of tense
forms may reduce textual clarity and communicative effectiveness. From this perspective, studying
verb tenses within a functional framework is of significant importance for both theoretical linguistics
and practical language use.
