Onychomycosis Caused by Kodamaea ohmeri in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – A Case Report

Onychomycosis caused by Syncephalastrum species in a patient with Crohn's Disease in Iraq: A case report

Background Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail disorders worldwide and is predominantly caused by dermatophytes; however, infections caused by non-dermatophyte molds are increasingly recognized as important causes of nail disease. Case presentation We present a case of a 41-year-old male from Duhok, Iraq, with a 15-year history of Crohn's Disease. He presented with progressive discoloration, nail thickening, nail deformity, pain while walking and brittleness of the affected nail that had persisted for several months. He was diagnosed with onychomycosis due to Syncephalastrum species, confirmed by KOH microscopy and characteristic culture morphology. Molecular confirmation was not available to identify to the species level. The fungus was sensitive to itraconazole, nystatin, clotrimazole, amphotericin B, miconazole, and ketoconazole, but showed resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole. He was successfully treated using IV amphotericin B, topical clotrimazole, and nail surgery. Conclusions This case demonstrates that Syncephalastrum species can cause clinically significant onychomycosis and should not automatically be dismissed as laboratory contaminants. A combination of clinical assessment, direct microscopy, culture-based identification, and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for establishing diagnosis and guiding appropriate management.

An Unusual case of Alternaria Alternata Onychomycosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Journal of Vocational Health Studies

An unusual instance of chromoblastomycosis caused by F. pedrosoi in a woman from South Kerala with a preceding history of a leech bite is described, highlighting the importance of combining clinical examination, histopathology, fungal culture, and molecular sequencing for accurate diagnosis and effective management of this rare and chronic fungal infection.

AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS DUE TO FONSECAEA PEDROSOI IN SOUTH KERALA FOLLOWING A LEECH BITE: A CASE REPORT

An unusual instance of chromoblastomycosis caused by F. pedrosoi in a woman from South Kerala with a preceding history of a leech bite is described, highlighting the importance of combining clinical examination, histopathology, fungal culture, and molecular sequencing for accurate diagnosis and effective management of this rare and chronic fungal infection.

Tintelnotia destructans invasive rhinosinusitis in an immunocompromised child: A case-report and review of the literature

This case expands the known pathogenic spectrum of T. destructans, demonstrating its potential to cause invasive disease in severely immunocompromised hosts by expanding the spectrum of fungi causing invasive fungal infections by identification of novel pathogenic species.

Mycobacterium haemophilum tenosynovitis of the thumb in an immunocompetent adult: a case report highlighting a diagnostic challenge

Objective: We report a rare case of Mycobacterium haemophilum flexor tenosynovitis in an immunocompetent adult and discuss the diagnostic challenges posed by this organism under standard culture conditions. Patient and Methods: A 72-year-old Japanese man presented with chronic pain and swelling of the left thumb following a rose thorn injury and subsequent exposure to aquarium water. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an effusion in the flexor tendon sheath. The patient underwent synovectomy and debridement. Acid-fast bacilli staining of intraoperative specimens was negative, and liquid mycobacterial culture at 37°C remained negative after 6 weeks. Results: Local symptoms persisted with recurrent tenosynovial effusions. A repeat aspirate showed growth on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube culture after 5 weeks, and the isolate was identified as M. haemophilum using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Symptoms resolved after drainage and oral antimicrobial therapy, with no recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion:M. haemophilum should be included in the differential diagnosis of distal-extremity tenosynovitis, particularly in patients with a history of contact with aquarium water. Negative cultures at 35–37°C does not exclude M. haemophilum infection. Close communication between clinicians and microbiology laboratories is essential to ensure appropriate culture conditions, including low incubation temperatures and iron/hemin supplementation.