White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible mushroom widely cultivated due to its nutritional and economic value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrate compositions of sawdust, corn cobs, and rice husks on the growth and yield of white oyster mushrooms. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications, resulting in 20 experimental units. Growth parameters observed included stipe length, pileus diameter, fruiting body mass, and the number of fruiting bodies. The results showed that substrate composition significantly affected mushroom growth and productivity. The K2 treatment, consisting of 30% sawdust, 40% corn cobs, and 30% rice husks, produced the best performance in all observed parameters. The higher proportion of corn cobs in the substrate likely provided favorable conditions for mushroom development and yield. In conclusion, a substrate composed of 30% sawdust, 40% corn cobs, and 30% rice husks is recommended for the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms because it promotes optimal growth and productivity.
Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on locally available lignocellulosic substrates represents a sustainable approach to food production and organic waste valorization. Consequently, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the growth performance, yield parameters, and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) cultivated on wood sawdust substrates of Gmelina arborea (timber) and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) supplemented with municipal organic wastes, compared with rice bran as a conventional supplement at Awka, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results showed that all substrates were suitable for cultivation, with TOC ranging from 40.15±0.21 to 49.21±1.10% and moisture content from 6.50±2.50 to 10.01±3.77 %. The combination of Gmelina arborea sawdust and rice bran produced the best performance, recording the shortest spawn running time (14.5 ± 0.8 days), highest number of fruiting bodies (6), greatest fresh weight (98 ± 12 g), and highest BE (89.09 %), significantly outperforming other treatments (p < 0.05). In contrast, the lowest BE (43.09 %) was observed in Garcinia kola sawdust supplemented with open-dump waste. Gmelina arborea supplemented with decomposed waste achieved a high BE (84.3 %), comparable to the control. This study shows that properly processed municipal organic waste, particularly decomposed landfill waste, can effectively substitute conventional supplements, promote cost-effective mushroom production and support circular economy and food security initiatives.
C. G. Anaukwu, S. C. Anyaenewusim, C. Obi et al.· Journal of Applied Sciences...· 0 citations
Pleurotus sapidus cultivation provides an efficient approach for converting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes into nutritious food products. The present study evaluated the suitability of different substrate compositions for the growth, yield, and biological efficiency of P. sapidus under laboratory conditions. Five substrate treatments were tested in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications: T1 (100% wheat straw), T2 (100% cotton waste), T3 (50% wheat straw + 50% office scrap paper), T4 (50% cotton waste + 50% office scrap paper), and T5 (rice straw + wheat straw + coconut coir mixture). Parameters including spawn running period, pinhead initiation, fruiting body development, total yield, and biological efficiency were recorded and statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Significant differences were observed among substrate treatments for all measured parameters. T2 (100% cotton waste) showed the best performance, producing the highest yield (685.83 g) and biological efficiency (137%), along with reduced spawn running and fruiting durations. In contrast, T4 exhibited the lowest yield (154.80 g) and biological efficiency (30.96%). Intermediate results were obtained in T1, T3, and T5. The findings indicate that cotton waste is a promising substrate for P. sapidus cultivation under controlled conditions and may contribute to sustainable utilization of agricultural residues for mushroom production.
Keywords: Pleurotus sapidus, lignocellulosic, Complete Randomized Design and substrate.
Rimsha Nawaz Rimsha Nawaz, Nasir Ahmad Khan Nasir Ahmad Khan· Phytopathogenomics and Disea...· 0 citations
Agriculture plays a vital role in Pakistan’s economy; however, increasing population growth and rapid urbanization have created major challenges related to food security, sustainable waste management, and agricultural productivity. Mushroom cultivation, particularly Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius), offers a sustainable approach to address these issues due to its nutritional value, economic importance, and ability to grow on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. Agricultural by-products such as wheat straw, cotton compost, spent coffee grounds, and pomegranate peels contain nutrients and fiber components that may support mushroom growth and improve substrate quality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different substrate combinations on the growth and yield performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius under controlled conditions. Different treatments consisting of wheat straw, cotton compost, spent coffee grounds, and pomegranate peels were prepared and assessed using growth and yield parameters, including mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, fruiting body development, and mushroom yield. The study hypothesized that supplementation of conventional substrates with nutrient-rich agricultural wastes could enhance mushroom production efficiency. The results indicated variations among substrate treatments in terms of growth and production performance. Substrates supplemented with pomegranate peels and spent coffee grounds showed comparatively improved mushroom growth and yield characteristics compared to other treatments. These findings suggest that agricultural waste-based substrate combinations may enhance the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus pulmonarius while also contributing to sustainable recycling of agro-industrial residues.
Keywords: Food security, urbanization, oyster mushroom, pomegranate and coffee grounds.
M. Akhtar, Nasir Ahmad Khan· Phytopathogenomics and Disea...· 0 citations
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different substrates containing oak acorn kernel on the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus for yield, biological efficiency (BE), and nutritional content. Different lignocellulosic wastes were used: Oak Acorn Kernel (AK), Oak Acorn Shell (AS), Oak Acorn Cup (AC), Hazelnut Branch (HB), Wheat Straw (WS), Acacia Branch (AB), Corncob (CC), and Oak Sawdust (OW). Substrates were prepared at 100% ratio and as 50% mixtures with WS; additionally, AK was supplemented with OW at 10%, 30%, and 50% ratios. Protein, phenolic content, and mineral compositions of mushrooms were analyzed. Chemical composition of substrates were revealed through chemical analyses. The highest mushroom yield was obtained from 50WS+50CC with 205.7 g/kg, while the maximum biological efficiency (57.6%) and benefit–cost ratio (4.98) were determined in the 50OW+50AK. The greatest phenolic content was found in mushrooms of HB substrate (58.781 mg GAE/g), the highest protein contents were detected in mushrooms grown on OW (28.43 g/100g) and AK (29.21 g/100g). Cu, Mn, P, and Zn elements were found to be higher in mushrooms of OW and AK substrates. This study makes a significant contribution to the circular economy by converting low-value forest wastes into value-added food products such as edible mushrooms.
This study aims to utilize agricultural waste in the form of corn cobs (Zea mays L.) and rice husks (Oryza sativa) as raw materials for briquette production through the pyrolysis method to generate environmentally friendly alternative energy. The background of this research is based on the high production of agricultural waste that has not been optimally utilized and the increasing energy demand that requires renewable energy sources. The research method includes several stages: drying the raw materials, performing pyrolysis to produce charcoal, grinding and mixing with a binder, and molding the mixture into briquettes. The observed parameters include moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and burning time of the briquettes. The results showed that the combination of corn cobs and rice husks produced briquettes with good quality, characterized by low moisture content, relatively high calorific value, and stable burning performance. These findings demonstrate that corn cobs and rice husks waste can be processed into briquettes as an alternative energy source with the potential to replace fossil fuels and support the concept of sustainable energy.
Giovani Mei, Anggasta Telaumbanua, Muhammad Farhan et al.· Indonesian Journal of Chemic...· 0 citations
The valorization of lignocellulosic residues and unconventional plant biomass offers a promising strategy for sustainable mushroom production within a circular bioeconomy framework. This study evaluated the suitability of four substrates, namely wheat straw, Typha latifolia (cattail) biomass, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus biomass, and coffee waste, for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effects of two concentrations of glucose and potassium oxide on fungal colonization and fruiting performance were investigated under laboratory-scale conditions. The hypothesis was that substrate composition and nutrient supplementation would differentially influence mycelial development and mushroom production. Mycelial growth was evaluated through daily measurements of colony expansion, whereas fruiting performance was assessed through mushroom yield. Substrate type significantly affected both mycelial growth and yield. A. mauritanicus showed high potential for mycelial colonization, particularly after supplementation with glucose (20 g/L) or potassium (10 g/L). For fruiting body production, potassium supplementation improved cattail performance, with the highest yield obtained with 20 g/L potassium. Glucose and potassium supplementation also enhanced the productivity of A. mauritanicus. All tested fertilization concentrations increased P. ostreatus fructification from 1.5 to 8%, except when glucose was added to the coffee waste substrate. The tested supplementation rates had substrate-dependent effects, confirming that nutrient addition did not produce a universal response. Mineral analysis of harvested mushrooms revealed differences in nutritional composition among treatments. These results highlight the potential of cattail and A. mauritanicus biomass as alternative substrates for P. ostreatus cultivation. Further economic feasibility studies are required before scale-up applications.
A. Slama, F. Mezni, M. Khammassi et al.· Environment and Resource· 0 citations
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