Jul 2026· JOURNAL OF METALS, MATERIALS AND MINERALS· Vol 36, pp. e2657· 0 citations· 45 references
Abstract
Naturally produced Hydroxyapatite (HAP) yields beneficial attributes with regards to its biological functions including cell compatibility, proliferation and osteoinduction. This study synthesized HAP from oyster shells as a calcium source with multiple hydrothermal reaction times including 1 h, 6 h and 24 h at 150℃. A wet precipitated control sample was produced at room temperature. Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and BET were conducted, followed by a degradation analysis. Bio-compatibility study of Oys-HAP was performed against Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed nano scaled elongated and oval-shaped Oys-HAP particles with high crystallinity, beta-type carbonated, non-stoichiometric Ca/P ratio with a maximum surface area of 41.39 m2·g‒1. Furthermore, Oys-HAP samples were non-toxic and significantly enhanced Saos-2 cell proliferation by 65.6% compared to the negative control. These findings demonstrate the potential of oyster shell-derived Oys-HAP as a sustainable and effective biomaterial for biomedical applications.
The complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping are demonstrated, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications and Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains.
Sabitha R, Kumaraguru S, Issathul Riswan M et al.· Journal of Biomaterials Scie...· 0 citations
The bamboo shell-derived HAp/Alg composite produced at pH 10 was a potential candidate for localized antibacterial drug delivery systems in biomedical applications and carried clindamycin efficiently carried on the composite matrix and released in a sustained manner.
Wulandari Wulandari, N. Jamarun, D. V. Wellia et al.· Baghdad Science Journal· 0 citations
Two types of hydroxyapatite were synthesized: pure hydroxyapatite and 5% magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite (based on weight percentage): pure hydroxyapatite and 5% magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite (based on weight percentage).
Subhasis Nath, S. K. Samanta, S. Debnath et al.· Journal of Polymer & Composi...· 0 citations
Using a plant-assisted sol–gel strategy, a hydroxyapatite–zinc oxide (HAp/ZnO) composite was produced from Padalarang calcite and lemon (Citrus limon L.) extract. The calcite supplied the calcium component, while constituents of the lemon extract promoted metal-ion complexation and helped control precursor stabilization. This environmentally friendly approach reduces the use of hazardous chemicals while facilitating the formation and stabilization of the composite precursor during the sol–gel process. The synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited crystalline HAp and ZnO phases and the mean crystallite dimension calculated from the diffraction data was 45.52 nm. XRF analysis confirmed the elemental composition and Ca/P ratio, while FTIR spectroscopy identified the characteristic functional groups of HAp and ZnO. Further, SEM observations revealed the particle morphology of the nanocomposite. In disk-diffusion testing against Escherichia coli, the inhibition diameter increased from 5 mm at 5 mg/mL to 15 mm at 20 mg/mL. The antibacterial response was interpreted mainly in terms of ZnO-derived reactive oxygen species and the action of released Zn2+ ions. The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite is a promising candidate material for further investigation in the development of sustainable antibacterial biomaterials.
Arie Hardian, Farah Fauziyah, Teguh Karya et al.· Journal of Mathematical and...· 0 citations
Bismuth(III)-doped 13–93 silicate bioactive glass powders were synthesized via a sol–gel route with Bi₂O₃ contents ranging from 0.1 to 5 wt% using two different precursors, BiCl₃ and Bi(NO₃)₃.5H2O. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and FTIR confirmed the predominantly amorphous nature of the glasses and the formation of a typical silicate network structure. In vitro bioactivity studies performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) demonstrated the formation of a calcium phosphate–rich apatite layer on the surface of the glasses, confirming their bioactive behavior. FTIR and SEM analyses indicated apatite-like calcium phosphate formation after immersion, with Bi3+-doped compositions showed slightly enhanced apatite formation. Cytocompatibility assessments using multiple gastrointestinal-relevant cell models, including AGS, HIF, HISMC, and HEK-293 cells, showed that high Bi3+ contents (≥1 wt%) resulted in reduced cell viability, whereas low Bi3+ concentrations (0.1–0.5 wt%) maintained excellent cytocompatibility. Overall, the results indicate that low-Bi3+-doped 13–93 bioactive glasses combine bioactivity and cytocompatibility, suggesting their potential as multifunctional biomaterials for localized soft tissue applications. Sol–gel bioactive glasses were synthesized using BiCl₃ and Bi(NO₃)₃. Bismuth precursor chemistry influenced particle morphology and glass structure. Bi3+-doped glasses retained in vitro bioactivity through apatite formation. Bi3+ contents of 0.1–0.5 wt% maintained gastrointestinal cell cytocompatibility. Bi3+ contents ≥1 wt% induced cytotoxicity in gastrointestinal cell models. Sol–gel bioactive glasses were synthesized using BiCl₃ and Bi(NO₃)₃. Bismuth precursor chemistry influenced particle morphology and glass structure. Bi3+-doped glasses retained in vitro bioactivity through apatite formation. Bi3+ contents of 0.1–0.5 wt% maintained gastrointestinal cell cytocompatibility. Bi3+ contents ≥1 wt% induced cytotoxicity in gastrointestinal cell models.
A. M. Deliormanlı, H. Atmaca· Journal of Sol-Gel Science a...· 0 citations
Synthesis and characterization of improved bioactivity and cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) co‐functionalized with gelatin (G) and the amino acid leucine (L) or tyrosine (T) prepared through a hydrothermal process. Phase‐pure, nano HAP with a crystallite size of 15–18 nm and a minimum size of crystallites was noticed in co‐modified samples (GL: 15.39 nm, GT: 15.48 nm) and was successfully confirmed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD). The successful formation of HAP was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy to identify the presence of characteristic peaks. Analysis of SEM showed that the cofunctionalized samples (GL, GT) had a uniform, fine, and less‐agglomerated morphology and recapitulated the structure of the natural bone mineral in nanostructure. TGA showed an increase in the organic content of the modified samples, indicating a synergistic increase in the GT composite. The DTA results have proven that the incorporation of organic additives had resulted in the structural modification, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the samples. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was conducted by using MG‐63 osteoblast‐like cells, and the cytocompatibility was excellent, with cell viability being over 90% in all the concentrations of the T, GT, and GL samples tested.
C. Elavarasi, J. V. Kumar, P. Saravanan et al.· Journal of Polymer Science· 0 citations
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