Aug 2026· Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition· pp.
1-24
· 0 citations· 37 references
Medicine
TL;DR
The complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping are demonstrated, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications and Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains.
Abstract
Bioactive strength is crucial for load-bearing biomaterials. Although hydroxyapatite is highly biocompatible, it has brittleness and a lack of dual-ion substitution in polymeric scaffold studies. In this work, Ce/Fe doped HAP was synthesized by chemical precipitation and solvent cast onto PLA films. Phase-pure HAP with no secondary phases and a crystallite size decrease from 2.58-0.85 nm following doping was confirmed by XRD. Its structural integrity was confirmed by FTIR, which showed the distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl bands 550-627, 964.7, 1026, 3441 and 650 cm-1. While EDAX confirmed the distribution of Ca, P, Ce and Fe with Ca/P ratios between 1.64 and 1.67. SEM showed homogeneous morphology. Nanorod structures measuring roughly 50-100 nm in length and 15-20 nm in width were revealed by TEM investigation. Enhanced surface reactivity was indicated by a rise in BET surface area from 89.17-105.82 m2/g and pore-volume from 0.411-0.499 cm3/g. Rapid apatite-nucleation and thick Ca/P-rich layer development were encouraged by in vitro bioactivity in SBF. Because enhanced dispersion stability and decreased particle agglomeration promote cellular interaction and lessen harmful effects, DLS analysis revealed nanosized with stable zeta potential, which correlates with the reported MG-63 cell viability reaching 84%. Excellent hemocompatibility was demonstrated by the fabricated dual ion doped HAP/PLA composite. Microhardness improved by almost 85%, rising from 73 HV to 135 HV. Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains. These findings demonstrate the complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and chemical similarity to the mineral phase of bone; however, its low mechanical strength limits its structural use. In this work, HA ceramics with different Mg additions (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10% by weight) were prepared using the powder processing technique. The mixtures were homogenized, conformed and sintered at 1100 °C. The incorporation of intermediate Mg concentrations produced an increase in fracture toughness compared to pure HA. The best mechanical performance was obtained with the formulation containing 5% Mg by weight, achieving a hardness of 319 HV, a porosity of 12.92% and a fracture toughness of 4.06 MPa·m0.5, comparable to those reported for human cortical bone, indicating its potential for applications in moderately loaded bone implants. The findings indicate that magnesium functions as a reinforcing component in the ceramic matrix, mitigating critical defects and thereby contributing to the improved toughness of Mg-containing hydroxyapatite ceramics. The polarization resistance results show that the incorporation of low fractions by weight of magnesium (1% Mg) adjusts the electrochemical behavior of the material, while higher increases in its concentration cause a deterioration of this property.
Elizabeth Refugio-García, Z. I. Bedolla-Valdez, Alfredo Emiliano Chávez-Pantiga et al.· Applied Biosciences· 0 citations
This study focuses on fabricating SiO
2
‐incorporated PVA/PVP/SF fiber composite, which holds significant potential for BTE applications due to its integrated bioactivity, biocompatibility, and porosity. SiO
2
was synthesized through the sol–gel route, and the fibrous scaffold via electrospinning. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform ‐ infrared (FT‐IR) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) confirmed the structural and morphological characteristics of the scaffolds. The porosity reached 99% within 48 h, ensuring good cell attachment and proliferation. Scaffolds showed an adequate hydrophilicity and a tensile strength of 8.75 MPa, with 80.2% elongation at break. The antibacterial activity of SiO
2
against
Escherichia coli
(13 ± 0.51 mm) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(11.8 ± 0.75 mm) was significantly improved in fibrous composites with the highest inhibition zones of 30.3 ± 1.03 and 28.0 ± 0.96 mm, respectively. Good hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, bioactivity, and calcium mineralization ability, along with an increased ALP activity after 14 days, supported the osteogenic potential of the scaffold in BTE.
Additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V implants enables patient-specific design, but process-induced surface and microstructural variations can strongly affect biological performance. In this work, Ti64 samples with varying volumetric energy densities (VEDs) were fabricated by selective laser melting to examine the combined effects of processing and surface modification on cell response and antibacterial behavior. The specimens were surface activated by controlled acid etching and coated with hydroxyapatite/reduced graphene oxide (HAp/rGO) composite via electrophoretic deposition. Surface morphology, chemistry, and porosity were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, profilometry, micro-CT. Micro-CT showed higher internal porosity at lower VED, while a balance between densification and structural integrity was achieved at VED of 107 J mm- 3. In vitro cytocompatibility demonstrated >90% viability for all samples, meeting ISO 10993-5 requirements. Despite this, cell attachment depends on VED, the E63 condition exhibited the most uniform coverage after HAp/rGO coating, indicating an improved surface-cell interactions at lower VED. Antibacterial assays showed VED dependence; high-VED-E320 samples produced the highest biofilm formation even after coating, whereas low and intermediate VED conditions significantly reduced bacterial adhesion. Overall, biological functionality is observed to be governed by both coating and SLM parameters, with 107 J·mm- 3 offering the best combined structural, cytocompatible, and antibacterial performance.
Muhammad Usama Zaheer, Vahid Jahed, Rajveer Singh Rajaura et al.· Small· 0 citations
Synthesis and characterization of improved bioactivity and cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) co‐functionalized with gelatin (G) and the amino acid leucine (L) or tyrosine (T) prepared through a hydrothermal process. Phase‐pure, nano HAP with a crystallite size of 15–18 nm and a minimum size of crystallites was noticed in co‐modified samples (GL: 15.39 nm, GT: 15.48 nm) and was successfully confirmed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD). The successful formation of HAP was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy to identify the presence of characteristic peaks. Analysis of SEM showed that the cofunctionalized samples (GL, GT) had a uniform, fine, and less‐agglomerated morphology and recapitulated the structure of the natural bone mineral in nanostructure. TGA showed an increase in the organic content of the modified samples, indicating a synergistic increase in the GT composite. The DTA results have proven that the incorporation of organic additives had resulted in the structural modification, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the samples. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was conducted by using MG‐63 osteoblast‐like cells, and the cytocompatibility was excellent, with cell viability being over 90% in all the concentrations of the T, GT, and GL samples tested.
C. Elavarasi, J. V. Kumar, P. Saravanan et al.· Journal of Polymer Science· 0 citations
This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of the structural, mechanical, and biological properties of multi-doped with cations (Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+) and anions (SiO4 4-, CO3 2-, BO3 3-, BO2 -) hydroxyapatites, as well as their composites containing 25 wt% SiO2. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a hexagonal apatite structure (space group P63/m) with crystallite sizes range from 17 nm to 23 nm. FTIR spectroscopy verified the successful incorporation of anionic groups into the calcium phosphate lattice via A-type and B-type substitution mechanisms. It was established that the introduction of silicate anions in structure or silica in composite allows for the precise tailoring of material surface reactivity in a model solution (pH elevation to 8.2-9.4) without significant degradation of mechanical performance (microhardness ∼0.32-0.33 GPa). The composite of (Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, CO3 2-)-doped HAP with 25 wt% SiO2 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, alongside superior nucleic acid sorption efficiency, outperforming borate-containing analogues by 1.36-1.89 times. These findings highlight the potential of the developed composites as multifunctional bioactive materials for bone tissue regeneration and nucleic acid extraction systems.
N. Strutynska, Yeva Komashchenko, I. Grynyuk et al.· Chemistry· 0 citations
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