2026· International journal of research and innovation in applied science· Vol 11, pp. 980-993· 0 citations
TL;DR
It is demonstrated that integrating blockchain with anomaly detection provides a practical, scalable, and secure solution for CCTV surveillance in Nigerian microfinance banks.
Abstract
Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are widely used in Nigerian financial institutions to enhance security, monitor transactions, and ensure regulatory compliance. Conventional centralized CCTV architectures, however, are vulnerable to tampering, insider threats, and single points of failure, undermining the reliability of video evidence. This paper presents a blockchain-enabled CCTV integrity framework integrating machine learning-based anomaly detection, specifically designed for resource-constrained microfinance banks in Nigeria. Cryptographic hashes of CCTV footage are anchored on a permissioned Ethereum blockchain to ensure immutability and chain-of-custody, while full video content is stored off-chain in a SQL or IPFS repository. A Flask-based dashboard facilitates secure upload, verification, and retrieval of CCTV files, with automatic tamper alerts generated by the anomaly detection module. A prototype was implemented using Python, Web3.py, Ganache (PoA), and MySQL and evaluated with 30 video samples (15 original, 15 tampered). Performance metrics included hash generation time, blockchain write latency, verification accuracy, anomaly detection efficiency, and system resilience under constrained network and power conditions. Results indicate that the proposed framework improves tamper resistance, evidentiary integrity, and operational reliability compared to centralized and hash-only schemes, while remaining cost-effective. The study demonstrates that integrating blockchain with anomaly detection provides a practical, scalable, and secure solution for CCTV surveillance in Nigerian microfinance banks.
The BHA-IDACS results demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested Astra-SAINT framework as a scalable and dependable intrusion detection method for protecting IoT environments of the next decade.
C. Ramya, A. Suphalakshmi· ITEGAM- Journal of Engineeri...· 0 citations
The proliferation of cybersecurity incidents and large-scale data breaches has exposed significant weaknesses in traditional security systems, particularly regarding data integrity, transparency, chain of custody, and forensic readiness. Centralised architectures suffer from single points of failure, log-tampering risks and limited cross-organisational trust. This paper designed, developed and evaluated an Integrated Security System Framework combining blockchain-style integrity mechanisms with digital forensics methodology. It was implemented as a four-layer system: a React presentation layer, two Node.js/Express API services, a Python-based business logic layer, and a data layer that includes an Ethereum-compatible (Hardhat) deployment path together with off-chain filesystem storage. The evaluated core comprises a custom Python blockchain (SHA-256 Proof-of-Work) with Python classes providing contract-style policy enforcement and audit logging. A parallel suite of four Solidity smart contracts was also implemented, but those contracts were not exercised when producing the quantitative results reported here; that distinction is stated explicitly throughout. The design was evaluated by executing the public implementation directly and repeatedly against a functional correctness workload of 100 events and up to 30 evidence items across five independent runs. Six further security and stress tests examined varied file sizes, concurrent access, malformed transactions, unauthorised access, direct tampering and off-chain tampering. These tests located and fixed three real defects, most significantly a concurrency defect that corrupted the blockchain under twenty simultaneous writers; after the fix, chain validity held under 500 concurrent writes. The evaluation also surfaced an unresolved limitation: no identity-authentication mechanism is implemented, so accountability guarantees depend on honest caller identity claims. All evaluation categories scored above 90 percent on the framework's disclosed self-referential scoring formula, and forensic risk-scoring, audit logging, custody tracking and tampering detection functioned as designed within their tested scope. The findings support the feasibility of integrating blockchain-style integrity with digital forensics for evidence management under controlled evaluation conditions, and they underline the necessity of repeated, adversarially minded testing before stronger operational claims are made.
Kawu Saidu Bappah, Bala Modi, Umar Abdullahi· International journal of re...· 0 citations
Credential fraud in academic institutions has emerged as a serious global concern, undermining the integrity of educational qualifications and professional trust. Traditional paper-based and centralised digital verification systems are susceptible to forgery, data tampering, and administrative delays. This paper proposes a Secure and Efficient Blockchain-Based Academic Record Verification System (SEBARVS) that leverages a private blockchain architecture combined with SHA-256 hash-based integrity mechanisms to prevent credential fraud. Rather than storing complete academic records on the blockchain, the proposed system stores only the cryptographic hash of each record, ensuring both data privacy and tamper-proofing. Authorised institutions act as permissioned nodes within the network, enabling real-time, decentralised verification without relying on any single trusted authority. The workflow encompasses record generation, hash computation, on-chain storage, and a streamlined verification algorithm. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system achieves verification within 2 to 5 seconds, eliminates single points of failure, and significantly reduces operational costs relative to traditional approaches. Comparative analysis against conventional systems and generic blockchain implementations confirms the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of security, efficiency, scalability, and privacy. The system offers a practical, deployment-ready framework for universities, certification bodies, and employers worldwide.
Ritika Bansal· International Journal of Adv...· 0 citations
Secure and transparent attendance management has become increasingly important in educational institutions
as conventional attendance systems often face challenges such as proxy attendance, unauthorized record modification, and
limited traceability. Most existing solutions rely on centralized databases, making them susceptible to data tampering,
accidental loss, and single-point failures. This paper presents a Blockchain-Based Attendance Management System that
leverages blockchain technology to provide a decentralized and immutable mechanism for recording and verifying
attendance information. The proposed framework integrates a React.js-based user interface with a Node.js and Express.js
backend, while Firebase Authentication and Firestore manage user authentication and application data. Attendance
records are securely stored through Ethereum smart contracts executed on the Ganache blockchain network, with
transaction hashes linked to Firebase for efficient retrieval and verification. This hybrid architecture combines the
scalability of cloud-based data management with the integrity and transparency of blockchain technology. Once
attendance is recorded, the information cannot be altered without detection, ensuring reliable auditability and improved
trust among students, faculty members, and administrators. The implemented system demonstrates secure attendance
recording, fast verification, and efficient transaction management while reducing the possibility of record manipulation.
The proposed solution offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective approach for modern attendance management and
provides a strong foundation for future enhancements such as biometric authentication, QR code-based attendance, and
cloud-enabled blockchain deployment.
S. R. V., M. S. H.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
BELS-IoT is proposed, a novel decentralized protection architecture that integrates a cryptocurrency-based blockchain layer with a multi-layer ensemble learning engine that rewards honest behavior and penalizes malicious activities while maintaining privacy through federated learning with blockchain-verified reputation scores.
Anwar Kalghoum, Leila Azouz Saidane· SN Computer Science· 0 citations
Financial information systems in educational institutions face insider threats where privileged administrators can manipulate database records undetected by conventional security. This study proposes a Hybrid Blockchain architecture integrating Merkle Tree Aggregation and a Reversal Entry mechanism to establish a tamper-evident financial audit trail and address these data integrity gaps. Developed via the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the system implements three cryptographic layers: a SHA-256 Recursive Transaction Hash Chain for local integrity, a Keccak-256 Merkle Tree for daily aggregation, and public Ethereum anchoring. Empirical evaluations demonstrate successful cryptographic integrity verification across all five database manipulation attack scenarios with zero false positives only under the five tested normal operational scenarios, relying strictly on deterministic hashing rather than AI-based anomaly detection. Computational latency remains consistent at 3.45 ms per transaction. Based on Sepolia testnet data under mainnet-equivalent projections, the 1,000:1 aggregation compression yields 99.90% cost efficiency compared to pure public blockchains, with sensitivity analysis confirming financial viability across volatile gas prices and exchange rates. These findings indicate the technical and economic feasibility of adopting a Hybrid Blockchain for detecting tampering and preserving data integrity in educational institutional financial data under the evaluated scenario.
Adi Alfian Hafis, Soiful Hadi· Journal of Information Syste...· 0 citations
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