Artificial Intelligence in Interior Design: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the design industry by introducing data-driven, generative, predictive, and automated approaches to creative and technical processes. Interior design, traditionally dependent on human creativity, spatial understanding, material knowledge, and client preferences, is increasingly influenced by AI-powered tools capable of generating design concepts, visualizations, layouts, material combinations, lighting solutions, and personalized spatial recommendations. Recent developments in generative AI, machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and multimodal systems have expanded the possibilities for designers to explore a larger number of alternatives in less time. This research paper examines the opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives associated with the integration of Artificial Intelligence into interior design. The study adopts a qualitative systematic literature review approach and synthesizes recent research on AI-assisted architectural and built-environment design. The review indicates that AI can support concept generation, space planning, 3D visualization, material selection, sustainability analysis, personalization, and client communication. However, issues related to creativity, algorithmic bias, intellectual property, data privacy, professional responsibility, design authenticity, technical skills, and overdependence on automated systems remain significant challenges. Recent systematic reviews show that AI research in design is strongly concentrated in early conceptual and schematic stages, while later stages requiring detailed technical, contextual, and professional judgment remain comparatively underexplored. The paper argues that AI should not be viewed as a replacement for interior designers but as an augmentation technology that can strengthen human creativity, decision-making, and productivity. A human-centred AI framework combining technological capability with professional expertise, ethical safeguards, cultural sensitivity, and user participation is proposed. The study concludes that the future of interior design will increasingly depend on effective human–AI collaboration rather than complete automation.