Analysis of body mass index and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives. This study investigates the correlation between nutritional status, measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), and glycemic control, specifically Random Blood Glucose (RBG) and HbA1c levels, among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia. Methods. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, the study analyzed secondary data from 1,154 respondents collected in the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Results. Univariate analysis revealed that 51.9% of the participants were obese, and the group exhibited a sub-optimal mean HbA1c of 8.02%. Bivariate analysis using Spearman’s Rank test identified significant differences between genders, with women having higher mean BMI, RBG, and HbA1c levels than men (p < 0.000). Furthermore, a significant but weak positive correlation was found between BMI and RBG (r = 0.130, p < 0.0001) and between BMI and HbA1c (r = 0.115, p < 0.0001). Conclusion. These findings suggest that increased adiposity could lead to poorer glycemic control. The study underscores the urgency of integrated nutritional management and improved health literacy to mitigate long-term diabetic complications in the Indonesian population.