2026· International journal of research and innovation in social science· 0 citations
TL;DR
This systematic literature review investigates how instructors and students perceive and experience the implementation of AI-supported teaching and learning approaches in TVET settings and provides insights into emerging opportunities, challenges, and implications for policy and practice.
Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is increasingly shaping the educational landscape, presenting both novel pedagogical opportunities and complex challenges. This systematic literature review investigates how instructors and students perceive and experience the implementation of AI-supported teaching and learning approaches in TVET settings. This review addresses the growing need to understand the human dimensions of AI adoption in vocational education, particularly from the perspectives of those directly involved in teaching and learning. As AI technologies become increasingly embedded in educational practices, examining the experiences, perceptions, and concerns of instructors and students is essential for informing effective and responsible implementation strategies. By synthesizing evidence across diverse TVET contexts, this review provides insights into emerging opportunities, challenges, and implications for policy and practice. Following the PRISMA 2020 framework, an initial database search on Lens.org yielded 580 records. After applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, including filters for publication date, document type, and subject matter, 19 empirical studies were selected for final qualitative synthesis. The findings reveal three overarching themes. First, while instructors exhibit optimism regarding efficiency gains, they express significant concerns about dehumanization, cognitive decline, and threats to academic integrity. Second, students experience enhanced psychological safety through instant feedback, yet face a paradox of being "Engaged but Amotivated" alongside risks of severe technological dependency. Third, AI implementation in TVET is uniquely constrained by the necessity for tactile skill mastery, industry precision, and alignment with local cultural practices. Ultimately, maximizing AI's potential in vocational education requires addressing systemic infrastructure barriers and preserving the hands-on, human-centric core of TVET.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pre-university education has emerged as a priority area for educational research and development, prompting renewed attention to teacher preparation, curriculum design, and digital literacy. Motivated by Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) and the principles of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), this study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) examining research trends in AI education within pre-university educational settings. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review analysed 42 studies published spanning the period from 2009 to May 2026, although most were published from 2019 onwards. The findings identify four major thematic areas: teacher education, curriculum development and pedagogical foundations, AI literacy and ethical competencies, and the educational implications of generative AI. The evidence indicates that effective AI integration depends on teacher preparedness, structured curricular frameworks, and critical and ethical approaches that promote responsible digital citizenship and inclusive educational practices. The review also highlights the need to strengthen institutional policies, regulatory frameworks, and professional development. Research gaps include the scarcity of longitudinal studies, limited classroom-based empirical evidence, and the lack of standardised instruments for assessing AI literacy. Overall, the findings may inform inclusive, interdisciplinary, and pedagogically grounded educational models that enable the critical and responsible integration of AI, aligned with the development of equitable, resilient, and sustainable educational systems.
Inmaculada Caruana, Raquel Gilar-Corbí, Manuel Palomar· Sustainability· 0 citations
This qualitative study examines the perspectives of in-service teachers regarding the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings. A purposive sampling framework combining criterion and snowball sampling strategies was employed, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 in-service teachers. Data were analyzed through content analysis. The analysis revealed three themes: teachers’ current digital practices, AI acceptance and integration of AI. The findings showed that teachers currently use digital technologies for various pedagogical purposes and have also begun using AI technologies in educational settings. Also, teachers perceived AI as useful because of easier access to information, time efficiency, decision-making support, personalized feedback, and professional development. However, they also expressed pedagogical and ethical concerns regarding student overreliance, academic dishonesty, the potential misuse of AI, data security, and the digital divide. The results indicate that, given the multifaceted nature of AI technologies successful AI integration requires specific teacher competencies, particularly critical AI literacy and ethical awareness competencies. Findings also suggest that successful integration requires practical, subject-specific training for both in-service and pre-service teachers, training for students, family engagement, and financial support. This study provides insights into how teachers use AI technologies, their perceptions of required competencies, the challenges and concerns they perceive. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Feray Uğur Erdoğmuş· Participatory Educational Re...· 0 citations
Rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the learning setting has dramatically altered the methods of curriculum design and the process of instructional planning. As technological efficiency and analytics of learners are often mentioned in modern studies, the actual experiences of the educators who take part in the process of co-creating the curriculum based on AI are rather under-researched. This qualitative phenomenological research examines the experiences of educators regarding the perception of AI as a co-developer of the curriculum, focusing specifically on the perceived time efficiency, the quality of instructions, and professional identity. The collection of data was performed with the help of semi-structured interviews with the participation of twelve educators and instructional designers who represented various institutional settings, including secondary schools, colleges, and universities. Thematic analysis showed that participants thought mostly that AI is an augmentative tool that facilitates the early phases of curriculum planning by lightening cognitive workload and speeding up structural drafting. The respondents also cited that the AI-generated recommendations helped to enhance the pedagogical fit and diversification of the instructional approaches; however, the quality of the meaningful curriculum remained left to contextual adaptation and professional judgment. Also, the interaction with AI systems was observed to promote more creative confidence and reflective pedagogical experimentation, and, at the same time, raise ethical transparency and over-reliance issues on automated outputs. The results highlight the fact that the successful implementation of AI in curriculum design is defined by a mutually beneficial co-creative relationship that does not undermine the agency of educators but uses the technological affordances. This work provides a contribution to the developing rhetoric in the adoption of responsible AI in the educational field with a focus on the relationships between human professionalism and intelligent systems.
Zahraa Alkalefawi, Husnain Mukhdoom· Journal of Research in Educa...· 0 citations
Examination of preservice teachers’ perceptions of AI and the competencies they considered necessary for effective AI integration highlighted the importance of preparing preservice teachers to integrate AI in pedagogically meaningful and ethically responsible ways.
Aslihan Unal, John Hobe· Education sciences· 0 citations
The study explores the paradigm shift in education brought about by the introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, focusing on educational stakeholders’ self-reported perceptions rather than observed changes in teaching or learning outcomes. We consider stakeholders’ views on AI-based technologies within the teaching–learning process. The current study uses a cross-sectional empirical survey design with a sample of N = 917 respondents, including teachers, students, administrators, and management. It examines the use of advanced AI technologies such as ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, and Grok, and stakeholders’ perceived connection between digital skills and classroom performance, student motivation, and critical thinking. We also discuss the ethical dilemmas and structural challenges that accompany this digital change. Inferential statistics, such as One-Way ANOVA and the Pearson Chi-Square test, show statistically significant differences in perceptions and regulatory expectations across organizational responsibilities. The findings contribute to understanding how advanced digitalization is perceived to reshape traditional academic roles, offering practical insights for creating effective, responsible, and sustainable teaching practices.
This study explores university EFL students’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education learning environments, particularly within Faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nine students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education who actively use AI-assisted tools in their academic activities. The findings reveal that EFL students demonstrate high familiarity with AI applications, especially for language learning, doing tasks, and perceive AI as a supportive learning assistant that enhances efficiency, autonomy, and confidence. AI tools are widely valued for providing immediate feedback, facilitating comprehension, and reducing learning anxiety through flexible and interactive learning experiences. However, the study also identifies critical concerns related to accuracy, ethical integrity, and dependency, as excessive reliance on AI may hinder critical thinking and academic responsibility. These findings highlight the dual role of AI as both an empowering pedagogical resource and a potential challenge when used uncritically. The study underscores the importance of developing deeper AI literacy and institutional guidance to ensure responsible, ethical, and cognitively meaningful AI integration in higher education.
Suratman Dahlan, A. Usman, Awaludin Rizal et al.· Journal of Language Teaching...· 0 citations
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