Risk Analysis of Human Resource Competence on Occupational Safety in Rural Construction

Abstract

Purpose: This study analyzes the influence of human resource competency on occupational safety risks in rural construction projects in Bojonegoro Regency and develops mitigation strategies using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Methodology: A mixed qualitative–quantitative descriptive approach was employed in the Ngasem, Dander, and Gayam Districts. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation involving construction workers, Activity Implementation Teams, and technical assistants. Risk factors were analyzed using the HFACS and evaluated through likelihood and severity assessments. Results: Seventeen human resource competency-related risk factors were identified, comprising 13 high-risk and four medium-risk factors. The main high-risk factors included low technical competency, insufficient construction training, poor PPE compliance, inadequate safety knowledge, weak supervision, and the absence of standardized OSH systems. HFACS analysis showed that unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, supervision weaknesses, and organizational factors collectively contribute to accident risks in rural construction. Conclusions: Human resource competency is the primary determinant of occupational safety performance in rural construction projects. Strengthening workforce competency, supervision, and organizational safety systems is essential for reducing workplace accidents in the construction industry. Limitations: This study was limited to three districts in Bojonegoro Regency and relied on perception-based assessments without statistical hypothesis testing. Contributions: This study extends the application of the HFACS to rural construction by identifying priority human factor risks and proposing competency-based mitigation strategies for improving occupational safety management in village infrastructure projects.