Aug 2026· Environmental science and pollution research international· 0 citations· 38 references
Medicine
TL;DR
It is demonstrated that shiitake-derived polysaccharides exhibit measurable in vitro antifungal activity and highlight their potential for further investigation as bioactive natural compounds, supporting the use of membrane separation technology as a sustainable strategy for the recovery and concentration of bioactive mushroom-derived polysaccharides.
Abstract
The shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is a rich source of bioactive polysaccharides with potential applications in sustainable agriculture, particularly as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides. This study aimed to employ membrane separation technology to streamline the recovery of polysaccharides from shiitake mushrooms and evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogens. Crude aqueous extracts and membrane-fractionated polysaccharides were tested in vitro against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The crude extract exhibited the strongest inhibition, with 13.0 ± 0.07% and 5.87 ± 0.03% growth reduction against R. solani and M. phaseolina, respectively. Membrane ultrafiltration successfully concentrated polysaccharides within a targeted molecular weight range, with glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose confirmed as dominant monosaccharides via HPLC. However, fractionation slightly reduced bioactivity compared to the crude extract. These findings demonstrate that shiitake-derived polysaccharides exhibit measurable in vitro antifungal activity and highlight their potential for further investigation as bioactive natural compounds. Furthermore, the results support the use of membrane separation technology as a sustainable strategy for the recovery and concentration of bioactive mushroom-derived polysaccharides.
Mangrove endophytic fungi are recognized as prolific sources of structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. In this study, 19 cultivable endophytic fungal strains were isolated and taxonomically characterized from mangrove plant tissues collected at the Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve (Guangxi, China). One isolate,
Aspergillus sclerotiorum
BM19, exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against multiple aquatic pathogenic
Vibrio
strains. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of its ethyl acetate crude extract led to the isolation of penicillic acid (1), whose structure was fully elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS. Penicillic acid showed potent anti
Vibrio
parahaemolyticus activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 μg/mL and displayed no obvious cytotoxicity toward human HaCaT keratinocytes. Growth curve assays revealed a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect: 0.5 × MIC delayed logarithmic growth, whereas 1 × and 2 × MIC completely suppressed bacterial proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) visualized cellular distortion, compromised cell envelopes, and cytoplasmic leakage at MIC, with severe envelope disruption at 2 × MIC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with SYTO 9/PI double staining further confirmed the concentration-dependent impairment of cell envelope integrity, as evidenced by reduced green fluorescence (intact cells) and increased red fluorescence (damaged cells). Collectively, these findings indicate that penicillic acid inhibits V. parahaemolyticus and is associated with concentration-dependent impairment of cell-envelope integrity. Although penicillic acid is a known mycotoxin, its selective activity against pathogenic
vibrios
and low toxicity to human keratinocytes highlight its potential as a lead compound for aquaculture applications. Nevertheless, further systematic evaluation of
in vivo
efficacy and biosafety is required prior to translational development.
Ya-Qi Chen, Fan An, Yu-Ying Chen et al.· Frontiers in Microbiology· 0 citations
Overall, this study reports the first isolation of M. circinelloides from Egyptian C. sinuosa and highlights its potential as a promising source of bioactive metabolites with enhanced antibacterial activity and multifunctional properties suitable for pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic applications.
Mostafa M. El-Sheekh, Nessma A El-Zawawy, Ebrahim M. Shalamesh et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
Among 14 endophytic isolates, Bacillus subtilis LS1-5 showed the strongest antifungal activity by dual culture assay, and exhibited a broad array of plant growth-promoting and environmental resilience traits.
D. Nguyen, Dong Tang Vien, Ngoc-Minh Truong Bui et al.· IOP Conference Series: Earth...· 0 citations
A biotechnological evaluation was conducted on strains of the genus Trichoderma as key components of biodestructors and soil-improving preparations in the Ecostern ® range. Their cultural and morphological characteristics, antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic microfungi, as well as the stability and antifungal efficacy of the Ecostern ® Trichoderma biological preparation (gel form) during storage for 3 months and its effect on the structure of the soil microbiota were investigated. The ability of Trichoderma strains to effectively inhibit the growth of Cladosporium herbarum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sorokiniana, Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was established. The highest antifungal activity was recorded on potato-dextrose agar and a medium containing barley malt extract, where the strains T. harzianum 11/16 TM demonstrated the maximum antagonism index (30–31 points), while T. harzianum 23/1 and T. viride 44/13 LM exhibited high levels of activity (27–28 and 28.5 points, respectively). On Chapek’s medium, antifungal activity decreased by an average of 2.2-fold. The strain of BTU Biotechnology Company T. harzianum surpassed its foreign counterpart in biocontrol potential, demonstrating pronounced mycoparasitism and inhibition of sclerotium formation in S. sclerotiorum . After 3 months of storage, the biopreparation was characterized by a stable titre (1.3– 3.0 × 10⁷ CFU/cm³) and high antifungal activity (79.9–100%) regardless of dilution. A positive effect on the soil mycobiota was also established, with a 5.3-fold reduction in pathogen numbers and an increase in the proportion of saprotrophic fungi to 97.9%. A comprehensive assessment of the antifungal activity and synergistic interaction of microbial strains of the genus Trichoderma enables the identification of patterns governing the development of their biological activity and viability. The results obtained provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of optimally balanced biological products with high efficacy against plant pathogens.
V. Bolokhovska, V. Boroday, O. Nagorna et al.· Journal of Ecological Engine...· 0 citations
The spread of fungicide-resistant pathogens has increased interest in plant-based antifungal agents for agricultural applications. We compared subcritical CO2 extraction (SbFE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), hot reflux extraction (HRE), and Soxhlet extraction (SE) to determine their effects on the metabolite composition of Tagetes erecta L. and antifungal efficacy against Botrytis cinerea. GC–MS and UHPLC–QTOF–MS analyses, combined with chemometric methods, revealed method-specific metabolite profiles. SbFE selectively enriched thiophene derivatives and sesquiterpenes, while UAE yielded the broadest range of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. HRE recovered thermostable terpenes, whereas SE concentrated phenolic compounds and sterols but lacked thiophenes due to thermal degradation. Despite these chemical differences, both SbFE and SE preparations produced complete inhibition of B. cinerea under the applied test conditions (30.0 mm inhibition zones), apparently through distinct mechanisms: phototoxic thiophene-terpenoid activity versus phenolic-sterol membrane disruption. Principal component analysis confirmed clear separation between extraction methods. These results demonstrate that extraction technique must be selected according to target compound classes and intended antifungal mechanisms: SbFE for phototoxic applications, SE for contact biocides, and UAE for broad-spectrum screening.
N. Meirbekov, K. Ashimuly, Y. Syrgabek et al.· ACS Agricultural Science &am...· 0 citations
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most damaging foliar diseases of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), leading to yield losses of up to 50% under favorable conditions and increasing reliance on synthetic fungicides. In this study, the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (the aqueous phase obtained as a by-product of hydrodistillation) derived from a local Algerian red garlic variety was evaluated in vitro against Z. tritici. Garlic extracts were characterized through morphological, physicochemical, and chemical analyses, with the volatile composition of EO determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The EO was rich in organosulfur compounds, particularly diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide. Antifungal assays demonstrated a strong dose-dependent inhibition of mycelial growth, as evaluated by radial growth inhibition percentage. Garlic essential oil completely inhibited fungal growth at 0.30 µL mL⁻¹, although a reduction in efficacy over time suggested limited stability. Notably, garlic hydrosol achieved complete and stable inhibition at 150 µL mL⁻¹, representing a promising and underexplored approach for STB control.
Roumeissa Djerboua, Laid Benderradji, I. Sanah et al.· Journal of plant diseases an...· 0 citations
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