Isolation and characterization of an algicolous endophytic Mucor circinelloides from macroalga Colpomenia sinuosa as a promising source of bioactive metabolites for dermocosmetic applications

Discovery of penicillic acid from mangrove endophytic fungi: anti-Vibrio screening and cell envelope disruption in V. parahaemolyticus

Mangrove endophytic fungi are recognized as prolific sources of structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. In this study, 19 cultivable endophytic fungal strains were isolated and taxonomically characterized from mangrove plant tissues collected at the Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve (Guangxi, China). One isolate, Aspergillus sclerotiorum BM19, exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against multiple aquatic pathogenic Vibrio strains. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of its ethyl acetate crude extract led to the isolation of penicillic acid (1), whose structure was fully elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS. Penicillic acid showed potent anti Vibrio parahaemolyticus activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 μg/mL and displayed no obvious cytotoxicity toward human HaCaT keratinocytes. Growth curve assays revealed a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect: 0.5 × MIC delayed logarithmic growth, whereas 1 × and 2 × MIC completely suppressed bacterial proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) visualized cellular distortion, compromised cell envelopes, and cytoplasmic leakage at MIC, with severe envelope disruption at 2 × MIC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) combined with SYTO 9/PI double staining further confirmed the concentration-dependent impairment of cell envelope integrity, as evidenced by reduced green fluorescence (intact cells) and increased red fluorescence (damaged cells). Collectively, these findings indicate that penicillic acid inhibits V. parahaemolyticus and is associated with concentration-dependent impairment of cell-envelope integrity. Although penicillic acid is a known mycotoxin, its selective activity against pathogenic vibrios and low toxicity to human keratinocytes highlight its potential as a lead compound for aquaculture applications. Nevertheless, further systematic evaluation of in vivo efficacy and biosafety is required prior to translational development.

Morpho-molecular approach reveals a myco-endophyte, Aspergillus novoparasiticus CBS126849 (MTCC-13997) from the roots of Capparis decidua with therapeutic and enzymatic potential

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic bacteria from Wedelia chinensis with Potent Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Activities

Among 14 endophytic isolates, Bacillus subtilis LS1-5 showed the strongest antifungal activity by dual culture assay, and exhibited a broad array of plant growth-promoting and environmental resilience traits.

Potensi antibakteri, antioksidan, dan sitotoksik dari jamur endofit Fusarium verticillioides yang diisolasi dari daun yakon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius )

Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential of an endophytic Fusarium verticillioides from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves

Endophytic fungi, residing within plant tissues without causing disease, serve as an important reservoir of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential. This research focuses on isolating and identifying endophytic fungi from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius and evaluating their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. A total of five fungal isolates (DY1–DY5) were obtained and subjected to in vitro bioassays and molecular identification. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing revealed that isolate DY5 corresponded to Fusarium verticillioides, which consistently demonstrated notable bioactivities. Antioxidant activity was confirmed through the DPPH radical scavenging assay, where DY5 exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 241.23 μg/mL. Antibacterial evaluation against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 revealed an inhibition zone of 12.22 ± 0.98 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL. Cytotoxic screening using the Artemia salina lethality assay indicated moderate toxicity, with LC₅₀ values of 197.54 μg/mL for DY1 and 386.32 μg/mL for DY5, thereby meeting the threshold of bioactive extracts. This study provides evidence that endophytic fungi from S. sonchifolius, notably F. verticillioides (DY5), can serve as potential sources of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical relevance. Further research focusing on metabolite profiling, compound isolation, and mechanistic evaluation is warranted to elucidate their chemical diversity and therapeutic significance in drug discovery efforts

Isolation and in vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacterial Endophytes from Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. against Magnaporthe oryzae

Findings identify finger millet-associated endophytes, particularly isolate AN6, as promising candidates for the biological management of rice blast disease, and require further greenhouse and field evaluations to confirm their efficacy under natural conditions.