Advances in HER2-Targeted Tumor Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms, Treatment Strategies and Clinical Challenges

Beyond conventional therapies: the evolution of targeted agents and immunotherapies in triple-negative breast cancer.

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Targets HER2 in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer presents high global mortality, and traditional chemotherapy and single-target agents are limited by frequent drug resistance and unsatisfactory tumor inhibition efficiency. This paper systematically sorts gastric cancer's Correa cascade carcinogenic process and core oncogenic signaling axes, then elaborates the complete structural composition and multi-layer anti-tumor mechanism of the novel antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). T-DXd binds HER2 specifically via monoclonal antibody fragments, releases topoisomerase inhibitor DXd after lysosomal cleavage of cleavable GGFG linkers, and eliminates adjacent HER-low/negative tumor cells through the bystander killing effect. Multiple DESTINY-Gastric Phase II trials confirm T-DXd achieves significantly higher objective response and longer overall survival than standard chemotherapy regimens in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, with controllable adverse reactions. Current clinical transformation obstacles mainly include interstitial lung disease risk and diverse acquired resistance subtypes. This paper provides systematic theoretical support for stratified clinical administration and novel ADC structural optimization for HER2-mutated gastric malignant tumors.

Precision targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer: Advances and clinical frontiers.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women worldwide, characterized by significant molecular heterogeneity. Advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have transformed treatment approaches, offering promising new options for patients. Targeted therapies are designed to inhibit the key pathways that drive tumor growth and survival. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and other treatments have significantly advanced treatment, delaying progression and extending survival for some subtypes of breast cancer. Nevertheless, targeted therapeutic agents have not yet demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Meanwhile, immunotherapy has emerged as a complementary approach. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated notable efficacy in subsets of TNBC and are under exploration in other breast cancer subtypes, including hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) and HER2-positive disease. Furthermore, innovative strategies such as anticancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapy offer potential for prolonged immune engagement and tumor eradication. This review provides an overview of current progress in targeted therapies and immunotherapy for breast cancer, highlighting their mechanisms, clinical utility, and challenges. By integrating knowledge from recent advancements, this review seeks to guide future research and clinical practice toward improved and personalized care for breast cancer patients.

HER2-Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Evidence, Patient Selection, and Practical Treatment Sequencing

Precision oncology in breast cancer: Biomarker-driven treatment strategies and the expanding role of APPs.

Current treatment strategies across breast cancer subtypes are summarized, emerging therapies are highlighted, and the expanding APP role is emphasized.

Advances in FGFR Inhibition for Bladder Cancer: A Review of Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Progress

This review underscores the transformative potential of molecular profiling and FGFR-targeted therapies in the evolving management of bladder cancer, with special attention given to the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway.