Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Extract of Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Liver problems are a global health issue, and scientists are still searching for natural hepatoprotectants. Guar, a medicinal plant rich in phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants, may protect the liver. The study examined the hepatoprotective effects of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba methanolic extract against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of C. tetragonoloba methanolic extracts have been found. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity was assessed in 30 Wistar rats using a model of liver injury caused by CCl₄. Six animals were split into five groups: one that served as a control, one that was poisonous (CCl₄), one that served as a standard (silymarin, 100 mg/kg), and two that were treated with methanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg). The course of treatment lasted for fourteen days. We evaluated serum biochemical parameters such as SGOT (AST), SGPT (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein. The hepatic architecture and cellular damage were evaluated through histopathological investigation of liver samples. Results: There was a substantial increase in serum SGOT (168.4 ± 8.6 U/L), SGPT (142.7 ± 7.9 U/L), ALP (286.5 ± 12.4 U/L), and total bilirubin (2.84 ± 0.21 mg/dL) when CCl₄ was administered compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001). The results showed that total bilirubin (1.18 ± 0.12 mg/dL), SGOT (92.6 ± 5.2 U/L), SGPT (78.4 ± 4.8 U/L), ALP (178.3 ± 10.2 U/L), and total methanolic extract from C. tetragonoloba (200 mg/kg) were all significantly reduced, with an increase in total protein levels to 6.72 ± 0.31 g/dL. There was a level of hepatoprotective activity similar to silymarin. The histopathological results showed that the groups treated with the extract had significantly restored hepatic architecture, less necrosis, and less inflammatory cell infiltration. These results corroborate previous reports of hepatoprotective effects of C. tetragonoloba methanolic extracts. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba showed considerable hepatoprotective action against CCl₄-induced liver damage, as shown by normalised biochemical indicators and improved liver histology. The activity may be due to antioxidant phytoconstituents such phenolics and flavonoids. C. tetragonoloba may be a natural hepatoprotectant, however its active ingredients need to be isolated and characterised.