TL;DR
A sensitive and label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a g-C₃N₄/MgO nanocomposite-modified electrode for the selective detection of CYFRA21-1 has great promise for clinical diagnosis and point-of-care detection of lung cancer biomarkers because of its affordability, simplicity, and sensitivity.
Rapid interleukin-6 (IL-6) monitoring is essential for the early diagnosis and management of inflammatory and oncological conditions. This study reports a label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on a ternary poly(azo-BBY)-AuNP/rGO nanocomposite synthesized via a single-step electrochemical process. The platform utilizes dissolved oxygen as an intrinsic redox probe, precluding the need for external mediators. Morphological characterization confirmed a synergistic architecture where gold nanoparticles are encapsulated within the polymeric matrix and covered by a reduced graphene oxide veil, reducing charge-transfer resistance by over 90%. The immunosensor achieved a detection limit of 2.51 pg mL-1 with a linear range between 5 and 30 pg mL-1. A thermodynamic investigation via the Freundlich isotherm revealed a dual-stage adsorption mechanism and a steric "gate effect". Selectivity assays demonstrated high specificity, including the competitive displacement of IL-6 by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Practical utility was validated in cell culture, yielding results statistically equivalent to the ELISA gold standard. Operational stability was established for 4 days within a 95% confidence interval (97.2%-115.1%). These findings support the proposed platform as a proof-of-concept label-free immunosensor for IL-6 monitoring.
This work presents a novel strategy for the highly sensitive detection of Gal-3, leveraging the synergistic dual-quenching mechanism to achieve excellent analytical performance, thereby holding significant promise for clinical diagnostics and early disease monitoring applications.
In this study, we developed an electrochemical immunosensor for the highly sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) based on a Zn-MOF/CdTe/PPy composite. The combination of functionalized CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) with polypyrrole (PPy) significantly enhanced electron transfer efficiency and increased the specific surface area, thereby providing more electroactive sites and strengthening the electrochemical signal response. The CdTe/PPy composite was subsequently encapsulated within a porous zinc metal-organic framework structure (Zn-MOF), thereby preventing aggregation and degradation and improving the immunosensor's sensitivity and stability. Under optimized experimental conditions, the immunosensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility toward NSE detection. It exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 to 1000 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.048 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3). These findings highlight the potential of the proposed electrochemical immunosensor for clinical diagnostic applications.
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