AI Networking Cookbook: Practical recipes for AI-assisted network automation and development
TL;DR
This review summarizes examples of reduced tuber browning, modified starch characteristics, and editing of susceptibility loci for late blight and viral resistance, as well as technical challenges specific to potato, such as allele identification in tetraploids, editing efficiency, and bystander edits.
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of a recent advances in CRISPR–Cas technologies and their strategic applications in crop genetics and hybrid breeding, and showcases how these technologies accelerate hybrid breeding by engineering male sterility systems, fixing heterosis, and generating high-throughput mutant libraries for trait discovery.
A complete CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the BEL5 gene, encoding a transcription factor, is reported, known as one of the key regulators driving tuber formation, and a regulatory role of BEL5 in the timing of tuber onset but, unexpectedly, its dispensability for tuber development in modern cultivated potato is proposed.
This review critically synthesizes recent advances in CRISPR applications for major wheat fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, rusts, Fusarium head blight, and wheat blast, and highlights future opportunities for integrating genome editing with modern breeding to accelerate the development of climate-resilient, disease-resistant wheat cultivars for sustainable agriculture.
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has emerged as a powerful and precise tool for crop improvement, enabling targeted modification of genes associated with agriculturally important traits. In horticultural crops, CRISPR technologies have accelerated the improvement of disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, nutritional quality, shelf life, flowering behavior, and ornamental characteristics. Among available genome-editing platforms, CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely utilized because of its simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. The technology enables precise genome modification through targeted DNA cleavage followed by endogenous repair mechanisms, facilitating gene knockout, insertion, or sequence alteration. Recent advances in genome editing have significantly expanded its applications in vegetable, fruit, and ornamental crops. Successful modifications targeting genes associated with stress tolerance, fruit ripening, pigment biosynthesis, flowering regulation, and pathogen resistance demonstrate the enormous potential of CRISPR-mediated breeding for horticultural improvement. However, several challenges, including low transformation efficiency, genotype-dependent regeneration, prolonged juvenile phases, polyploidy, and regulatory concerns, continue to limit its broader application in many horticultural species. This review summarizes recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in horticultural crops, including strategies for guide RNA design, transformation, regeneration, development of transgene-free plants, and regulatory considerations. Furthermore, emerging advances such as precision editing technologies and improved delivery systems are discussed as promising approaches for enhancing editing efficiency and expanding future applications. Overall, CRISPR/Cas technologies hold substantial potential for accelerating the development of climate-resilient, high-quality, and nutritionally improved horticultural crops.
It is argued that AI and CRISPR are complementary components of an emerging design-build-test-learn framework rather than a mature autonomous breeding platform, and progress will depend on plant-specific benchmark datasets, prospective validation, multi-environment field trials, interoperable data standards, equitable access to transformation and computational infrastructure, and governance focused on the properties and evidence of resulting products.
The future of crop improvement using GEd technologies lies in the harmonisation or alignment of global policies and regulations to support the trade of agricultural produce and ensure that growers and consumers can benefit from GEd technology.
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