Electrospun nanofibrous membrane-functionalized dual-responsive self-healing hydrogel dressings based on chitosan and hyaluronic acid encapsulating gallic acid-loaded Eu-MOF clusters for fluorescent monitoring and efficient healing of diabetic wound.
TL;DR
Animal experiments revealed enhanced collagen deposition and angiogenesis, together with 98.8% wound closure by day 12, and offer an alternative route for designing intelligent dressings for diabetic wounds.
Abstract
Diabetic chronic wounds are difficult to heal because of persistent infection, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. Herein, a bilayer multifunctional dressing (GCP/GAEu@H) was developed for wound monitoring and diabetic wound repair. The lower layer comprised a glucose- and pH-responsive self-healing hydrogel formed from phenylboronic acid-modified chitosan (CS-PBA) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) through dynamic boronate ester and Schiff base linkages. The upper layer was a glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) electrospun nanofibrous membrane. This bilayer configuration increased the tensile strength to 278.94 kPa, provided strong resistance to compressive fatigue, and preserved structural integrity over 50 compression cycles at 60% strain. The incorporated GA-loaded Eu-MOF (GAEu) clusters supplied pH-sensitive fluorescence for real-time assessment of wound status and enabled acid-responsive release of active species. Antibacterial efficiencies against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) exceeded 99%, and 70% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were scavenged within 30 min. In addition, it displayed good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Animal experiments revealed enhanced collagen deposition and angiogenesis, together with 98.8% wound closure by day 12. These findings offer an alternative route for designing intelligent dressings for diabetic wounds.