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#gene editing Open access

Hypertrophic Wasp Stem Cell Bio-Hybrid Muscle Actuator Powered and Cryogenically Cooled by Ethanol Solution

Sep 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Abstract

A novel theoretical concept in bio-hybrid robotics and tissue engineering: a macroscopic biological muscle actuator engineered from the stem cells of the Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis). The system utilizes CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to multiply the Alcohol Dehydrogenase (NADP+) gene for absolute alcohol immunity, combined with myostatin knockouts for muscle hypertrophy. To bypass the thermodynamic limits of large biological tissues, the system integrates a 3D-printed vascular network where sub-zero ethanol fuel solution (between -10°C and -20°C) is continuously injected. Utilizing the low freezing point of alcohol (-114°C), the liquid fuel serves a dual purpose: it feeds the cells and acts as a cryogenic core coolant, maintaining the tissue at a stable 37°C and preventing thermal self-destruction during high-power outputs.

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