Developing a Project-Combine-Put to another Use Learning Model to Enhance Science Process Skills and Creative Thinking in Primary Science Education

Abstract

Introduction. Science education in primary schools requires instructional approaches that simultaneously develop science process skills (SPS) and creative thinking skills (CTS) as essential 21st-century competencies. However, preliminary findings in Indonesian elementary schools revealed low mastery of observation, measurement, inference, and scientific communication, alongside limited flexibility, originality, and elaboration in creative thinking. Although Project Based Learning (PjBL) has been widely implemented, its application often encounters challenges in time management, engagement, and structured skill measurement. Therefore, an innovative syntax integrating Project, Combine, and Put to Another Use is needed to systematically enhance both SPS and CTS in primary science education. Research methods. The design used in this research was research and development design where 50 teachers who were primary school teachers and 104 pupils in the fourth grade session of four elementary schools in Probol