Intelligent IoT based Load Management System with Real Time Monitoring in Renewable Energy System

Abstract

IoT is one of the significant enabling technologies in the contemporary energy landscape. This work addresses intelligent load management under fault, under-load, and overload conditions. Electrical equipment requires automatic and rapid response to avoid damage and prevent service interruption. In contrast to traditional circuit breakers that disconnect the entire system, the proposed architecture employs ESP32-based intelligent control, together with ACS712 current sensors, to provide accurate per-load current measurements and load-specific overcurrent protection. The system is also capable of selective load isolation, meaning that it maintains the operation of healthy circuits and automatically disconnects only the faulty load without affecting other loads. Cloud-based monitoring is implemented via the ThingSpeak platform, enabling real-time remote system surveillance through any internet-connected device. The faulty section of the system is readily identified from the current readings visualised on the cloud dashboard and mobile interface. The proposed system is powered primarily by solar photovoltaic sources and can also operate from the utility grid, providing flexibility across renewable and conventional supply scenarios. Experimental testing demonstrates protection response times in the sub-200 ms range and high-accuracy current monitoring with a mean absolute error below 0.05 A. The key contributions include: selective load protection, real-time IoT-based energy analysis, and a cost-effective open-hardware architecture. The work advances the safety and efficiency of smart energy control systems in distributed renewable energy environments.