Heavy Metal Contamination in the Soil-Microbe-Plant Nexus: A Comprehensive Review on Mechanisms, Toxicological Impacts, and Integrated Remediation Approaches

Integrated Phytoremediation and Microbial Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Restoration of Toxic Metal-Contaminated Soils

Simple Summary Toxic metal contamination of soils poses a global threat because metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Cr, and Ni threaten ecosystems, food security, and human health. Although conventional remediation methods are effective, they may cause secondary pollution or soil degradation. Biological approaches such as p...

West African

Mechanistic insight into microbial mediated heavy metal uptake and tolerance

This review highlights that microbe-based bioremediation is an effective and sustainable approach for removing HM contaminants in agricultural soil and highlights specific mechanisms employed by microbes including: biosorption, transportation, sequestering, and detoxification that causes immobilization of HMs and reduc...

A critical review of mechanistic insights and technological advancement for the amelioration of Pb and Cd through phytoremediation.

Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-term impacts on ecosystems and human health. Among toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are particularly harmful because of their high toxicity and carcinogenic potential, posing serious risks to plants, ani...

Source–Sink Relationships and Environmental Risks of Surface Soil Heavy Metals and Metalloids: Multi-Media Monitoring in a Southwest China County

The pollution of soil by potentially toxic elements in industrial–agricultural transition zones threatens global food security and public health owing to their persistence and bioaccumulation. This study focused on Miyi County, Sichuan (China), a typical region with intensive vanadium–titanium magnetite mining and mode...

Microplastics as pesticide vectors in soil: bridging aqueous insights to terrestrial co-contamination risks and ecosystem impacts