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small language model

2,863 papers

#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Gender bias across LLMs is common and highly heterogeneous

Understanding gender biases in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important as these systems become embedded in decision-support tools with real consequences. Prior research has focused only on a small set of models, leaving open the extent to which gender biases are common and heterogeneous across LLMs. We a...

Edoardo Bolzoni, Valerio Capraro · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

FAIR PERSONALIZATION & EXTERNAL VALIDITY AT THE LIMIT Calibration Privilege, Exclusion Risk, Subgroup Uncertainty, Cross-Site Transfer, Device Heterogeneity, and Equitable Adaptive BCI

FAIR PERSONALIZATION & EXTERNAL VALIDITY AT THE LIMITCalibration Privilege, Exclusion Risk, Subgroup Uncertainty, Cross-Site Transfer, Device Heterogeneity, and Equitable Adaptive BCI Feng Cheng-en (33) x Starli Does personalization help people differently - or does it simply make access easier for the people who were...

33 · 0 citations
#data science Open access Oct 2026

PREreview of "Within and between sleep and cognition: associations in older community dwelling individuals"

This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/23071859. Authors of the review Name: Stephanie R. U, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-4661 Bio: Stephanie U is a PhD candidate whose work investigates the role of circadian...

Stephanie U, 2 other authors · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Memorize, Adapt, Ignore: Diagnosing Robot Learning Mechanisms under Training Data Variation

This work examines both model behavior and internal representations, using the empirical neural tangent kernel (NTK) as the primary diagnostic tool, and develops practical guidance for designing DR schemes, selecting models, and detecting shortcut learning.

Ke Zhang, Danica J. Sutherland, Chao Liu · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Event-Driven Refresh and Recurrence Memory to Reduce Stale Grounding in Referring Video Object Segmentation

End-to-end runtime analysis further confirms that the overhead introduced by tracking, CLIP-based recurrence matching, and the identifiability gate remains modest relative to the dominant Sa2VA inference cost, thereby validating the efficiency of the proposed pipeline.

Abu Hanif Muhammad Syarubany, Jaehyun Jang, Si-Woo Lim et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Scaling Parameter and Context in Attention: Native Sparse Attention from Mixture-of-Head

NAMOH, an architecture-native sparse attention mechanism that activates only its assigned tokens and performs causal attention within this subsequence, is introduced, and it is hoped this work offers a new path for scaling attention, with parameter scaling directly enabling context scaling.

Zi-Zhuo Fu, Run-Sheng Wang, Meng Li · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

How Much Is an AI Token Worth? Scaling Laws for Wild AI-Generated Web Text

Web text makes up the majority of pretraining data and is increasingly AI-generated. After applying FineWeb quality filtering, we find that 27.5% of tokens from June 2026 web data are labeled as AI-generated by Pangram, rising to 31.1% by August. Unlike synthetic data or model-collapse setups, this *wild* AI text comes...

Jenna Russell, Ben Glickenhaus, Katherine Thai et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

RSIGame: Autonomous Agentic Game Development with Recursive Self-improvement

Recent advances in large language models have made automatic game generation increasingly feasible, yet reliably improving generated games beyond a playable version remains challenging. Naive iterative refinement can easily overfit a small set of test cases, producing fragile games with unresolved bugs, missing behavio...

Wen-Yi Wu, Ming-Hao Fu, Jie-Yu You et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Doc2LoRA Provides Decodable Representations of Scientific Ideas

Representing scientific papers as points in a space lets us search for similar papers and inquire about how fields relate to one another and drive innovation. Beyond search, the vector space of papers invites generation: mixing papers through simple vector operations creates new points, mirroring combinatorial novelty,...

Chand Sahil Mansuri, Joel Zachariah, Sadamori Kojaku · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Revisiting On-policy Adversarial Black-Box Distillation: Calibrating Groupwise Reward Geometry for Effective Advantage Construction

Black-box distillation is a practical route for transferring capabilities from API-accessible large language models that expose only text outputs into smaller student models. Recent on-policy adversarial methods such as GAD improve over SeqKD by forming an adversarial loop between a critic and a student, where the crit...

Xiao Cui, Mo Zhu, Yu-Lei Qin et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Also Small Models Can Reasonably Self-Evaluate Their Confidence

This study systematically evaluates self-evaluation-based uncertainty quantification across different language models of varying sizes on question-answering tasks spanning general to specialized knowledge domains. Using various self-evaluation methods where models judge their own predictions, we examine how model scale...

Idil Kapikiran, Thomas Decker, Thomas A. Runkler · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Right Answer, Wrong Mechanism: Detecting Pernicious Divergence in Causal Interventions

Causal interventions such as activation patching and distributed alignment search (DAS) are the main tool for making mechanistic claims about neural networks. Recent work showed that these interventions routinely push representations off the model's natural distribution, and that such divergence is sometimes harmless a...

Bei-Ming Liu, Min-Jie Chen · 0 citations

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