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small language model

3,243 papers

#small language model Review Sep 2026

A SoK for SoCs: Reading the TI Leaves on AI for Cyber Threat Intelligence Generation and Sharing

Three research directions for automating the production of shareable intelligence are derived from a literature survey of academic papers, organizing the CTI lifecycle into three stages: Threat Data Collection, CTI Generation and Sharing, and CTI Consumption.

Saastha Vasan, Hadjer Benkraouda, Jizhou Chen et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Classic AI Scaffolding for LLM Social Agents

EpisodeSim is presented, a hybrid LLM-agent architecture that represents classic-AI structures as natural-language control state interpreted by LLM calls that supports a design claim that coherent social simulation benefits from persistent classic-AI-style scaffolding that organizes behavior over time.

A. Gershman · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

frb-vlm-benchmark: a zero-shot Vision-Language Model benchmark for Fast Radio Burst detection

Code and evaluation artifacts supporting the article "Generalist Vision-Language Models for Fast Radio Burst detection: a zero-shot benchmark against a specialized detector" (Santos, Queiroz, Duarte, de Farias & Batista), submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (manuscript AAS80842; preprint arXiv:2607...

Raiff H. Santos, Amilcar R. Queiroz, T. Duarte et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Review Sep 2026

Vibe coding for ophthalmologists.

This review examines vibe coding through an ophthalmology-specific lens, identifying where it adds value and how it can be used responsibly, and how it can be used responsibly while preserving safety and accountability.

F. Antaki, Victor C. F. Bellanda, P. Keane et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Posterior Ontology Memory: Bayesian Prediction Across Mutable Semantic Schemas

Posterior Ontology Memory (POM) models uncertainty in the vocabulary used by a symbolic memory, rather than assuming that its semantic schema is fixed. It treats mappings from surface predicates to latent semantic categories as uncertain and carries that uncertainty into prediction. The model combines a partition prior...

Henrik W. Lautergold · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Subset Heterogeneity in Reward Model Benchmarks: A CONFIRM Validation of 174 RewardBench 2 Models

Background. RewardBench 2 aggregates pairwise preference accuracy across heterogeneous task families (factuality, instruction following, safety, and others). A single leaderboard score can mask systematic subset specialization, yet standard benchmark reporting rarely tests whether accuracy is independent of task catego...

Alvaro Chaveste-Fernandez · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Human versus machine

Although LLM-based benchmark ratings can approximate expert judgments and reduce the need for labor-intensive human triple coding, limitations remain regarding cost, genre- and task specificity, and sensitivity to text presentation and student grade level—factors that constrain immediate classroom use, particularly for...

Afra Sturm, Valentin Unger, Fabian Grünig · 0 citations
#small language model Review Open access Sep 2026

Applicability of Infrared Thermography in Occupational Health for Multidisciplinary Clinical Decision-Making: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.

Overall, infrared thermography was used primarily as a non-invasive, adjunctive, and complementary imaging method to document skin-surface temperature distribution and thermal patterns in occupational contexts, and may contribute to multidisciplinary clinical assessment and decision-making.

Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz, Aline da Rosa Pizarro, Joice Simionato Vettorello et al. · 0 citations

RadTechBERT: a domain-specific language model for radiological technology evaluated using Japanese national examination-derived cloze questions.

RadTechBERT with BPE_32K outperformed baselines in many subjects, with more than a twofold improvement in radiation safety management and radiation measurement relative to the strongest baseline, while gains were smaller in subjects having substantial overlap with general medicine, and Wikipedia mixing did not yield co...

A. Yagahara, N. Yokohama, Masahito Uesugi et al. · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Modelling the Formation of Reality, Step by Step

Relational and information-based descriptions of reality have been explored in many domains, from relational readings of quantum mechanics to proposals that physical phenomena arise from the organization of information. This paper approaches the same questions from an unexpected side: sustained interaction with a large...

V. Pudsey · 0 citations
#small language model Open access Sep 2026

Cell-type separability predicts annotation accuracy and outweighs algorithm choice: a factorial benchmark across seven scRNA paradigms

Using standardized oracle inputs and Cohen’s κ, it is found that, within the ranges tested, the major paradigms achieved comparable accuracy, and the field’s near-term gains lie in strengthening infrastructure—prioritizing tool accessibility, standardized evaluation, and robustness to pipeline variation.

Oliver Wardhana, Zi-Yu Zeng, Xin Lu · 0 citations
#small language model Dataset Open access Sep 2026

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Ophthalmology Skills: A Systematic Review

Ophthalmology training requires visual interpretation, procedural skill, and supervised clinical reasoning, but trainee volume, faculty availability, and case mix constrain education. AI-enabled tools may support scalable instruction, assessment, and feedback. To evaluate AI-enabled interventions for improving ophthalm...

Abu Bakar Butt, Rachel Leong, Michael Balas (7022801) et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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