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neuroscience

134 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Recovery-Directed Symbolic Distillation of Neural Likelihoods

This work introduces a symbolic distillation pipeline that converts trained neural likelihoods into explicit, interpretable expressions optimized for efficient parameter estimation, and uses a recovery-directed objective to guide symbolic regression toward expressions that preserve parameter-recovery accuracy.

Kiante Fernandez, Xin-Wei Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

When Does Depth Matter For In-Context Learning? Adaptive Inference in Deep Transformers

Transformers perform computations through many successive attention and feedforward blocks, allowing them to learn complex correlations between a large collection of coupled variables. When does stacking successive attention-feedforward computations over many layers provide a computational advantage over a single trans...

Ravin Raj, Gautam Reddy · 0 citations

Scaling Vision Transformers for Functional MRI with Flat Maps

A new model family (CortexMAE) trained using the masked autoencoder framework is introduced, and in this setting the CortexMAE family outperforms prior models by a large margin, and the first open evaluation suite (Brainmarks) for fMRI foundation models is released.

Connor Lane, Mihir Tripathy, L. Murali et al. · 5 citations · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Explainable Deep Learning of Resting-State Functional Connectomes Reveals Network Biomarkers of Adolescent Intelligence

An explainable deep learning framework based on sparse projected residual networks to predict fluid, crystallized, and total intelligence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 5,285 participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study suggests that intelligence emerges from the inter...

Md. Tanvir Rahman, Nabil Anan Orka, Asaduzzaman Khan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

On the Limits of Metacognitive Monitoring in LLMs

Reliable decisions depend on recognizing when an answer may be wrong. In biological cognition, metacognitive monitoring can dissociate from task performance, raising the question of how closely solving and judging are linked in language models. Here we study the confidence reports of four frontier models across 15 benc...

Dong-Qi Han, Yifan Yang, Dong-Sheng Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Feb 2024

ELiSe: Efficient Learning of Sequences in Structured Recurrent Networks

This work proposes a model that builds on the presence of a certain network scaffold at the onset of learning and the existence of dendritic compartments for enhancing neuronal information storage and computation and builds on these features to acquire and replay complex non-Markovian spatio-temporal patterns using onl...

Laura Kriener, Ben von Hünerbein, Kristin Spicher et al. · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Calibration and transfer in indicator-based assessments of artificial consciousness

Research on artificial consciousness increasingly shifts evaluation from behaviour to internal architecture. Theory-based indicators are used to update probability assignments. This improves on behavioural tests but raises two distinct problems. First, these assignments cannot currently be calibrated against independen...

Florentin Koch · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

AI-Driven Neural Surrogates for In Silico Design of Cognitive-Affective Neuromodulation Targets

In neuropsychiatry, the primary goal is often not only to decode brain activity but to change it, for example to lessen a negative affective bias or an overly salient memory. Motivated by control theory, we develop an AI-driven neural-surrogate framework that proposes candidate representational changes and tests their...

Marco Rothermel, Madleen Stenger, Soroush Daftarian et al. · 0 citations

Seeing the imagined: a latent functional alignment in visual imagery decoding from fMRI data

This work proposes a latent functional alignment (LFA) approach that maps imagery-evoked activity to the pretrained model's semantic content-enriched conditioning space, by adding a simple alignment module, while keeping the original remaining components frozen.

Fabrizio Spera, T. Boccato, Michal Olak et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Mar 2026

Toward an automated science of the mind

This work charts this field around four challenges: representing experiments, generating synthetic behavior, synthesizing models, and closing the loop to discover psychological theories.

A. Jagadish, Milena Rmuš, Kristin Witte et al. · 5 citations

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